L2 - up to CIA

Question 1

all monocytes become what?

Answer 1

macrophages - then become specialized depending on area they cover

• kuppfer - liver - gi-built
• microglial - brain
• alveolar - lungs, etc.

Question 2

basophils: least/most in blood? fx? similar to what cell type?
- potential to lead to what major systemic rxn?

Answer 2

LEAST; hypersensitivity rxns
-similar to mast cells (different bone marrow origin)

-ANAPHYLACTIC SHOCK

Question 3

eosinophils: normal in conjunctiva?

- contain compounds called MAJOR BASIC PROTEINS - fx?

Answer 3

NO! - can cause keratopathy/ulcer

MBP: 1) combats/kills parasites, 2) releases histaminASE to b/d histamine (released from basophils/mast cells in allergic response)

Question 4

top two CIRCULATING cells in blood? where do they circulate?

Answer 4

neutrophils - blood, macrophages - tissues

Question 5

what are the primary lymphoid organs? Which cells mature where?

Answer 5

BONE MARROW - B cells (start and complete)

THYMUS - T cells (leave immature, go to thymic cortex to complete maturation)

Question 6

hematopoesis takes place in which type of marrow? Where in the body is this marrow located?

Answer 6

red marrow (white is just adipose)
-sternum, vertebrae, ribs, hip

Question 7

define: reticulocyte

- (high/low) levels are no bueno? what does that indicate?

Answer 7

RBC RIGHT before full maturity

• HIGH - no bueno
• anemia; RBCs removed by marrow too early

Question 8

1) two cell lineages derived from pluripotent SC?

2) which cells does each branch produce?

Answer 8

LYMPHOID - B/T/NK cells

MYELOID - everything else (including platelets)

Question 9

IL3: important for what process?

Answer 9

hematopoesis

Question 10

what are CSFs (colony stimulating factors)?

-special type in AIDS/Cancer pts called what?

Answer 10

CSFs: promote growth of particular lineage of cell, usually WBC
-neupogen - a granulocyte CSF of gCSF

Question 11

1) thymopoietin, thymosin, IL-7 are growth factors released by what cells?
- what’s the second purpose of these cells?

Answer 11

cortical thymic epi cells

2) POSITIVE selection - apoptosis to the maturing T cells that DON’T bind MHC presented by cTECs

Question 12

at corticomedullary jx is where dendritic cells act; presenting ___ and causing ____ selection if the maturing T cell binds antigen TOO STRONGLY:

Answer 12

APC

NEGATIVE

-why? fear of autoimmune rxn later; binding to self-cells

Question 13

importance of blood-thymus barrier?

Answer 13

keep antigens out during T cell maturation

-if you don’t, T cells won’t respond to pathogens/antigens after maturation in the secondary lymphoid organs

Question 14

what are the secondary lymphoid organs? what happens here

Answer 14

lymph nodes–> spleen –> mucosal/cutaneous immune system (in that order)

-ANTIGEN RXNS - for the stuff that got thru

Question 15

• primary cell type in diffuse lymphatic tissue?

- primary cell type in nodular/follicular tissue in lymph node?

Answer 15

T cell - diffuse

-B cell - nodular

Question 16

waldeyer’s ring is….

Answer 16

ring of lymphatic tissue in the PHARYNX - contains:

• adenoids and tonsils (lingual, palatine, tubal)
• remove junk in food/antigens, etc in these lymph nodes to prevent them from going further!

Question 17

what are peyer’s patches? What’s their “cover”?

Answer 17

lymph node areas of diffuse (T) cells and follicular (B) cells that filter antigen that made it thru primary lymphoid organs (bone marrow/thymus)

-covered by M cell (act as APCs) so cells can bind here and activate if a foreign antigen gets filtered thru