L1 - up to mono phago

Question 1

one of the most important aspects of nonadaptive immunity:

Answer 1

mechanical barriers - something must be breached

Question 2

lysozyme

Answer 2

b/d bacterial cell wall

Question 3

lactoferrin 2 main properties:

Answer 3

bacteriostatic - stops growth proteins

bacteriocidal - binds bacteria’s iron (needs it) - kills it

Question 4

defensins - released by ___ cells

-acts as a what?

Answer 4

• paneth cells

- broad-spec anti-B action - protect cell from attack

Question 5

where are acute phase proteins produced? They include what?

Answer 5

liver - CCI

• complement
• c-reactive protein
• interferon

Question 6

what does complement do? [OUL]

Answer 6

opsonize, upregulate, lyse- foreign stuff.

macros/phagos have receptors for these opsonins - speeds the process

Question 7

what does interferon do?

Answer 7

important role in VIRAL infection

• makes cell more reactive to virus
• type 1: paracrine effect to induce antiviral state in neighboring cells
• type 2:

Question 8

what does C-reactive protein do?

-Jupiter study revealed what?

Answer 8

• assesses degree of underlying inflammation in patient
• high in obese people, RA
• Jupiter: increased inflammatory state in those w/ increased CRP levels

Question 9

C5a levels are HIGHLY concentrated where?

Answer 9

at the site of inflammation

-sensed, cells recruited via diapedesis to get into tissue

Question 10

diff. b/w diapedesis and chemotaxis

Answer 10

diapedesis - getting thru vessel wall

-chemotaxis - up concentration gradient TOWARD site of inflammation

Question 11

define: antigen

Answer 11

recognizable substance by either:

(1) - IB receptors of B cells, OR
(2) - T cell receptor COMPLEXED with MHC

Question 12

magnitude of immune response is directly proportional to the magnitude of the _____ response

Answer 12

proliferative

Question 13

fully differentiated B cell: ____ cell. Releases what?

Answer 13

plasma cell: releases ANTIBODY (the ONLY cell that can do this is the B cell). Takes up residence and also releases IG

Question 14

two types of antigens B cells respond to: T cell ___ and ___

Answer 14

T cell dependent: T-cell/B-cell cooperation for B cell activation
T cell independent: antigens bind directly to produce antibodies i.e. endotoxin (bact. cell wall)

Question 15

Class 1 MHCs: present on which body cells?

• Which cells act here?
• What do these cells do?

Answer 15

Class 1: ALL body cells

• CD8 (cytotoxic killer)
• KILL virally-infected cells

Question 16

Class 2 MHCs: present on which body cells?

• Which cells act here?
• What do these cells produce?

Answer 16

Class 2: IMMUNE cells only

Helper (CD4) cells
-Helper Ts produce CYTOKINES

Question 17

APCs: function?

Answer 17

engulf small chunk of antigen (epitope) and incorporate antigen into either class I or II MHC on APC cell surface. Allows either helper or killer cell to then BIND APC.

Question 18

why are NKT cells handy?

Answer 18

NO MHC restriction - kill anything..destroy tumor, microbe-infected cell - FAST

Question 19

iNKT cells: recognize what type of antigen? Another name for that antigen?

Answer 19

LIPID antigen (as opposed to protein) - CD1d - related to Class 1

Question 20

two most common WBCs in WBC environment?

Answer 20

neutrophils and lymphocytes

Question 21

what are mononuclear phagocytes?

Answer 21

primary fx: phagocytosis
-monocytes that become macrophages and later specialize into epitheliod or giant cells, OR differentiate to microglia (brain) or kupffer cells (liver)