L11 - Nerve Injuries of upper limb

Question 1

how to approach a neurological problem

what is the difference between UMN vs LMN

• —in terms of neurones
• —what is the differences in terms of symptoms physical

Question 2

which is UMN and LMN

chronically held in place, incr tone, brisk reflexes, flexor muscles are stronger than extensors

wasting muscles, flaccid tone, fasiculations, weakness in a myotomal or peripheral nerve distribution, reduced reflexes, sensory loss in my/per dis.

Question 3

where are the 3 anatomical regions for localising a lesion?

what is the difference between myotomes and dermatomes

Answer 3

roots
brachial plexus
peripheral nerve

Question 4

roots and myotomes

what does each root innervate and what do the muscles do?

C5, C6, C7, C8, T1

Question 5

what root innervates these muscles?? (also what do they do)
biceps
deltoid
brachialis
brachioradialis
superficial forarm extensors
superficial forarm flexors
triceps
intrinsic hand muscles
forarm extensors
deep foraem flexors

Question 6

roots and reflexes

biceps reflex
supinator jerk
ticeps jerk
finger jerk

what root and nerve is involved for each?

Question 7

C5 C6 C7 C8

median nerve
musculocutaneous nerve
ulna nerve
radial nerve

what reflexes are each of these involved in

when are reflexes depressed?

Question 8

nerve root impingement

what is it and what does it caue
aggrevated by?
how to protect from this

Question 9

what are the types of nerve plexus injury

what do each require

Question 10

avulsion
rupture
neuroma
neurapraxia

what are these and what is needed for them

Question 11

what are various things that can cause injury to BRACHIAL PLEXUS
why! and what

Question 12

brachial plexus injury -- how can
trauma
cancer
inflammatory causes
structural causes
lead to an injury???? -- quick general

Question 13

Erbs palsy

what is it, what is involved in this? area?

symptoms?–which muscles are weakened

what is another name for this lesion

what can the upper limb do/ not do

Question 14

what happens if you damage the superior trunk of the brachial plexus?

what roots are affected and what does this lead to? what is this called?

Answer 14

–

Question 15

Klumpke’s Palsy

what is it. what injured in it, what roots involved

what happens to the upper limb, how is it affected

Question 16

what happens if the inferior trunk of the brachial plexus is damaged? what roots would be involved

what happens as a result of this injury? what does it mean for the patient?

Question 17

what are the different types of brachial plexopathy

and what are the features

Question 18

metastatic brachial plexopathy and radiation induced brachial plexopathy

how do each of these present like

Question 19

idiopathic brachial neuritis

what is this also known as
how does it happen
how does it present
what is seen on imaging
what can be useful for diagnosis and prognostication
what is treatment

Answer 19

parsonage turner sundrome

Question 20

what is parsonage turner syndrome

describe how it presents

Question 21

what is thoracic outlet syndrome

what places can it occur

what types are there and how do each of these present

Question 22

thoracic outlet syndrome

how do neurogenic and vascular differ?

Question 23

Long thoracic nerve

what does it supply, and what does the muscel do

how can it be injured
what can it lead to

Answer 23

–

Question 24

median nerve

where are the two common sites of compression

what does it innervate

what can it lead to (if compressed)

Answer 24

LOAF

lateral 2 lumbricals
Opponens pollicis
Abductor pollicis brevis
Flexor pollicis brevis

Question 25

diagram of the anatomy of the carpal tunnel (label)

causes of this?

Question 26

anterior interosseous nerve

what does it arise from and where
what can compress it? where does this happen and by what

anterior interosseus nerve syndrome
what is this

Question 27

what is it when you have weakness in flexors of the ip joint of the thumb and dip joints of the index and middle fingers

what muscles are these
and what movement would this cause weakness of

Question 28

how does sensory innervation of the median nerve vary when there is a lesion in the forarv vs carpal tunnel?

describe it and check

Question 29

how does ulnar paralysis vary at the elbow and at the wrist

and WHYY

Question 30

sensory innervation of the ulnar nerve

how does it change when there is a lesion in:

proximal to dorsal cutanrous branch

distal to dorsal cutaneous branch

distal to palmar cutaneous branch

Question 31

ulnar nerve

what are the branches and what do they supply

what can damage it

Question 32

what is froment’s sign and what gives rise to it

Question 33

what are the sensory areas for the nerves and the dermatones

what area does ulnar nerve supply and what does c8 supply

Question 34

what is radial nerve palsy look like

aka?

what happens to sensory innervation form it and why

Question 35

what are nerve conduction studies good for measuring

what is seen when there is a loss of axon

what about demyelinating

what is a needle EMG and what can this be used for

Question 36

how would you measure the amplitude and velocity of a peripheral nerve

what can decrease the amplitude and velocity

Question 37

how can you determine if there is a neurogenic or myogenic lesion and how