L05 - Muscle Contraction Physiology

Question 1

what is troponin and how does it work

binding?
what else is involved

what can TnI values be used for

Question 2

cross bridge cycling

what is this
what does it depend on
when in resting state, what stops the process?

Question 3

how does force generation vary with sarcomere length?

how would you get a larger force?

Question 4

How is energy stored in muscle? what is it converted to

what can this product be used for going further and why is this important

what ezyme is important here and how / why

Question 5

what is the diff between creatine and creatine-phosphate and creatine-phosphokinase, and creakine kinase, and creatinine

what do they all indicate and what can be used clinically

Question 6

what ion triggers contraction

what are the gradients involved

how do they effect contraction

Question 7

how does depolarisation occur and what is involved in this process

jhow is it spread

what else is triggered

Question 8

Excitation-contraction coupling —- what is it

what structures are involved and how, what do they do

Answer 8

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Question 9

what is the molecular mechanism by whch depolarisation of the plasma membrane leads to the release of ca2+ into the cytoplasm followed by contraction???

what receptor releases Ca2+ from SR? what is it triggered by

what structure pumps Ca2+ back into the SR? what does it require?

Question 10

what is RyR and SERCA

what is Nicotinic AChR

how do they work and what are they involved in

what is the molecular basis of tetany? why and how does it happen

what is the difference between twitch and complete tetancy, and discribe what is between them

Question 11

muscle fibes: contractils properties

how would you divide them into two groups

what do fibre types differ in?

Question 12

what is slow twitch and fast twitch

what is their properties and why does this support their needs

what are the types of muscle fibres and how do they cary in terms of speed

Question 13

how are muscle fibre types distributed, give examples.

what could the proportions depend on?

Question 14

coordination of muscle —-contraction

what are the different types

Question 15

motor units

definition?
how does thsi structure function

within a motor unit, what are muscle fibres like / differ

Question 16

motor units

how can motor units vary inlarge muscles and small?

what determines the muscle fibre?

Question 17

contraction: force generation

what are the two types of each one

Question 18

contraction - force generation

what is the difference between isomeric and isotonic?

example of picking up a glass. how does this happen in terms of force generation

Question 19

what are the ways in which muscles can contract an give examples

what can control this

Answer 19

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Question 20

what is the recuitment size principle

what does this allow for

how is this relavent to the example of picking up the water, and how does it involve different types of force generation

Question 21

how does upper and lower motor neurone diseases vary in their symptoms (also in how the neurones themselves come from)

Question 22

stretch reflex

what does it control and what does it change

what fibres are sensory and for contraction – names

what is it called if you have a lack of a patellar reflex
— what is this reflex important for

Question 23

patellar stretch eflex

what is the sensory thing that detects, what is it detecting

what is this stucture parallel to

how could you describe this reflex in terms of its structural properties

Question 24

what is a muscle spindle

what increases its sensitivity

• – how does it do this
• – what are the sensorss from the muscle spindle called and where do they go and what do they do exactly

what does the muscle spindle regulate

Question 25

what are intrafusal and extrafusal fibres
—- function, role and location

gamma motor neurones
—- function, role and location

muscle spindle fibres
—- function, role and location

Question 26

what is absence of the muscle spindle reflex known as?
— how can this happen, examples

what can happen in upper motor neurone disease

• – leads to?
• – what do the upper motor neurone usually do, so if its gone what happens to the spindle reflex?

Question 27

tendon reflex

what is it there for

what does it do and how

what is the pathway fro which it works on and effects

what is the sensor for this

• – what does it detect
• – where is it

how would you describe the structure of the tendon reflex?