L05 - Muscle Contraction Physiology Flashcards
what is troponin and how does it work
binding?
what else is involved
what can TnI values be used for
cross bridge cycling
what is this
what does it depend on
when in resting state, what stops the process?
how does force generation vary with sarcomere length?
how would you get a larger force?
How is energy stored in muscle? what is it converted to
what can this product be used for going further and why is this important
what ezyme is important here and how / why
what is the diff between creatine and creatine-phosphate and creatine-phosphokinase, and creakine kinase, and creatinine
what do they all indicate and what can be used clinically
what ion triggers contraction
what are the gradients involved
how do they effect contraction
how does depolarisation occur and what is involved in this process
jhow is it spread
what else is triggered
Excitation-contraction coupling —- what is it
what structures are involved and how, what do they do
–
what is the molecular mechanism by whch depolarisation of the plasma membrane leads to the release of ca2+ into the cytoplasm followed by contraction???
what receptor releases Ca2+ from SR? what is it triggered by
what structure pumps Ca2+ back into the SR? what does it require?
what is RyR and SERCA
what is Nicotinic AChR
how do they work and what are they involved in
what is the molecular basis of tetany? why and how does it happen
what is the difference between twitch and complete tetancy, and discribe what is between them
muscle fibes: contractils properties
how would you divide them into two groups
what do fibre types differ in?
what is slow twitch and fast twitch
what is their properties and why does this support their needs
what are the types of muscle fibres and how do they cary in terms of speed
how are muscle fibre types distributed, give examples.
what could the proportions depend on?
coordination of muscle —-contraction
what are the different types
motor units
definition?
how does thsi structure function
within a motor unit, what are muscle fibres like / differ
motor units
how can motor units vary inlarge muscles and small?
what determines the muscle fibre?
contraction: force generation
what are the two types of each one
contraction - force generation
what is the difference between isomeric and isotonic?
example of picking up a glass. how does this happen in terms of force generation
what are the ways in which muscles can contract an give examples
what can control this
–
what is the recuitment size principle
what does this allow for
how is this relavent to the example of picking up the water, and how does it involve different types of force generation
how does upper and lower motor neurone diseases vary in their symptoms (also in how the neurones themselves come from)
stretch reflex
what does it control and what does it change
what fibres are sensory and for contraction – names
what is it called if you have a lack of a patellar reflex
— what is this reflex important for
patellar stretch eflex
what is the sensory thing that detects, what is it detecting
what is this stucture parallel to
how could you describe this reflex in terms of its structural properties
what is a muscle spindle
what increases its sensitivity
- – how does it do this
- – what are the sensorss from the muscle spindle called and where do they go and what do they do exactly
what does the muscle spindle regulate
