L10 - Document - Iranian revolution Flashcards
What advice did Khomeini give to the Shah in his sermon on June 3, 1963?
He warned the Shah not to become like his father (forced into exile) and urged him to listen to the Ulema (clergy), who desire the nation’s welfare.
What was Khomeini’s critique of foreign influence on the Shah?
He criticized the Shah for listening to Israel, stating that Israel could do nothing for him.
How did Khomeini defend the clergy against accusations?
He argued that the clergy are revered by the people, who even consider the water they drink as blessed, rejecting claims that the clergy are “impure animals.”
What law did Khomeini criticize in his October 27, 1964 sermon?
He criticized a law granting legal immunity to American military advisors, their families, and associates in Iran.
How did Khomeini contrast the treatment of Americans and Iranians under this law?
He stated that an American harming an Iranian, even the Shah, would face no consequences, while an Iranian harming an American’s dog would be prosecuted.
How did Khomeini describe the anti-Shah movement in his 1978 declaration?
He called it unprecedented in Iranian and world history, involving universal participation from primary school children, women, and the elderly.
What were Khomeini’s views on the White Revolution?
He questioned its effectiveness, citing hunger and a disordered agrarian economy, and criticized the regime for piling up debts and losing sovereignty.
What did Khomeini say about the impact of this law on Iran’s sovereignty?
He condemned the government for selling Iran’s independence, reducing it to a colony, and making the nation appear backward.
What actions by the people did Khomeini highlight as symbolic of their courage?
He mentioned women confronting tanks and machine guns with their infants and children chanting “Death to the Shah!”
What was Khomeini’s critique of the Shah’s response to protests?
He accused the Shah of calming himself with the blood of children and young people.
What encouragement did Khomeini give to the people?
He urged them to remain steadfast, framing their struggle as divinely inspired, and reassured them that their sacrifices aligned with the causes of the prophets and Imams.
What did Asadollah Alam suggest to the Shah on April 19, 1972, about implementing change?
Alam suggested that the Shah should implement change before it is forced upon them, advocating for the public’s greater integration into politics.
How did the Shah respond to Alam’s suggestion on popular participation in politics?
The Shah dismissed the idea, claiming it would lead to complaints about issues like inflation, and maintained that opposition without free discussion was no true opposition.
What did the Shah identify as the root cause of discontent among the younger generation in 1972?
The disparity between their wages and those of men in established positions.
According to Alam, why did people pay little attention to the progress made by the Shah?
Alam explained that propaganda was misdirected, often untrue, and overly focused on adulation of the Shah, which tired the public.