L10 - Document - Iranian revolution Flashcards

1
Q

What advice did Khomeini give to the Shah in his sermon on June 3, 1963?

A

He warned the Shah not to become like his father (forced into exile) and urged him to listen to the Ulema (clergy), who desire the nation’s welfare.

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2
Q

What was Khomeini’s critique of foreign influence on the Shah?

A

He criticized the Shah for listening to Israel, stating that Israel could do nothing for him.

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3
Q

How did Khomeini defend the clergy against accusations?

A

He argued that the clergy are revered by the people, who even consider the water they drink as blessed, rejecting claims that the clergy are “impure animals.”

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3
Q

What law did Khomeini criticize in his October 27, 1964 sermon?

A

He criticized a law granting legal immunity to American military advisors, their families, and associates in Iran.

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3
Q

How did Khomeini contrast the treatment of Americans and Iranians under this law?

A

He stated that an American harming an Iranian, even the Shah, would face no consequences, while an Iranian harming an American’s dog would be prosecuted.

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3
Q

How did Khomeini describe the anti-Shah movement in his 1978 declaration?

A

He called it unprecedented in Iranian and world history, involving universal participation from primary school children, women, and the elderly.

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3
Q

What were Khomeini’s views on the White Revolution?

A

He questioned its effectiveness, citing hunger and a disordered agrarian economy, and criticized the regime for piling up debts and losing sovereignty.

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3
Q

What did Khomeini say about the impact of this law on Iran’s sovereignty?

A

He condemned the government for selling Iran’s independence, reducing it to a colony, and making the nation appear backward.

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3
Q

What actions by the people did Khomeini highlight as symbolic of their courage?

A

He mentioned women confronting tanks and machine guns with their infants and children chanting “Death to the Shah!”

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3
Q

What was Khomeini’s critique of the Shah’s response to protests?

A

He accused the Shah of calming himself with the blood of children and young people.

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4
Q

What encouragement did Khomeini give to the people?

A

He urged them to remain steadfast, framing their struggle as divinely inspired, and reassured them that their sacrifices aligned with the causes of the prophets and Imams.

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4
Q

What did Asadollah Alam suggest to the Shah on April 19, 1972, about implementing change?

A

Alam suggested that the Shah should implement change before it is forced upon them, advocating for the public’s greater integration into politics.

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5
Q

How did the Shah respond to Alam’s suggestion on popular participation in politics?

A

The Shah dismissed the idea, claiming it would lead to complaints about issues like inflation, and maintained that opposition without free discussion was no true opposition.

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5
Q

What did the Shah identify as the root cause of discontent among the younger generation in 1972?

A

The disparity between their wages and those of men in established positions.

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5
Q

According to Alam, why did people pay little attention to the progress made by the Shah?

A

Alam explained that propaganda was misdirected, often untrue, and overly focused on adulation of the Shah, which tired the public.

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5
Q

What angered the Shah in the October 7, 1973, diary entry?

A

A BBC broadcast suggested that revolution in Iran was unlikely due to the army’s strength, and an article in the Financial Times mentioned Iran’s inflation problems.

5
Q

How did the Shah view Iran’s oil income growth by March 22-April 3, 1974?

A

The Shah saw the growth of oil income from $2 billion to $16 billion as evidence of his success but aspired for Iran to become a great world power.

5
Q

What was the Shah’s reaction to claims that farmers and workers might become revolutionaries?

A

He dismissed the possibility, believing farmers and workers were too happy to consider revolution.

5
Q

What did the Shah declare about his aspirations during the March-April 1974 period?

A

He expressed a desire for Iran to rise to the level of a great world power, not just be a leader in the Middle East.

5
Q

What policy did the Shah convey about veils in schools and universities in 1977?

A

The Shah allowed girls to wear scarves but strictly opposed veils, instructing his private secretary to inform the government accordingly.

5
Q

What was the Shah’s reaction to U.S. Ambassador William Sullivan’s statement about religious opposition groups on May 21, 1977?

A

The Shah dismissed the groups as “Islamic Marxists” and “Soviet puppets,” attributing their actions to ignorance or external manipulation.