L03 - Document - Three Documents on the Fate of the King Flashcards
What was the main concern raised by Jean-Paul Marat in his article from L’Ami du Peuple on September 20, 1789?
Marat was concerned about the resistance from the king and his ministers to the financial and societal reforms proposed by the National Assembly, particularly measures like the abolition of tithes, suppression of venal charges, and the movement and export of grain, which he believed were aimed at maintaining aristocratic power.
What did Marat fear would happen if the National Assembly did not press for financial reforms?
Marat feared that the king, supported by various powerful groups (clergy, merchants, financiers), would undermine the National Assembly’s reforms, cause a return to despotism, and reduce the people to poverty and hunger.
According to Marat, what were the consequences of the King’s actions?
Marat believed that Louis XVI was opposing the Constitution even before it was finished, violating his oaths, and reasserting despotism, thus chaining the nation again under an imperious ruler.
Who was Maximilien Robespierre and what role did he play in the Revolution?
Robespierre was a radical Jacobin leader known for advocating for the centralized power of the Committee of Public Safety during the French Revolution. He became instrumental in launching the Reign of Terror, purging political opponents and instituting radical reforms until his own execution in 1794.
What was Robespierre’s nickname and what was its significance?
Robespierre was known as “Maximilien the Incorruptible” due to his reputation for being steadfast in his commitment to revolutionary ideals and his refusal to be swayed by corruption or compromise
Who was Jacques Hébert, and why was his newspaper La Père Duchesne influential?
Jacques Hébert was a journalist who edited La Père Duchesne, a radical paper that became popular among the Parisian working class due to its use of common language and its harsh criticisms of the monarchy, particularly Queen Marie Antoinette, and its push for a more radical Revolution.
How did Jacques Hébert’s political views evolve over time?
Initially supporting a constitutional monarchy, Hébert became more radical after the King’s Flight to Varennes, rejecting the monarchy and becoming an outspoken critic of Robespierre, whom he accused of being too moderate.
What happened to Jacques Hébert in 1794?
After urging Parisians to revolt against the more moderate elements of the Revolution, Hébert was arrested and guillotined on March 24, 1794, during the rise of more conservative forces.
What is the primary argument Robespierre makes regarding the trial of Louis XVI in his speech?
Robespierre argues that Louis XVI should not be tried, as he is already condemned by his actions as a traitor to the nation. He contends that Louis’s deposed status and crimes make a trial unnecessary and that discussing it would weaken the Republic and legitimize royalist supporters.
According to Robespierre, what role does the National Convention play in relation to Louis XVI?
Robespierre stresses that the National Convention is not a court but a representative body acting in the interest of the nation’s safety. They are tasked with making decisions that will solidify the Republic and defend against tyranny, rather than conducting a traditional trial.
What does Robespierre argue is the only acceptable course of action for the newly established Republic regarding Louis XVI?
Robespierre asserts that Louis XVI must be executed because his survival would threaten the Republic. He believes the nation must rid itself of the remnants of the monarchy to secure its liberty and to prevent royalist factions from gaining strength again.
How does Robespierre view any attempt to try Louis XVI?
Robespierre views any attempt to try Louis XVI as a regressive move towards monarchy and constitutional despotism. He claims it would be counterrevolutionary and potentially lead to the acquittal of the King, which would undermine the legitimacy of the Revolution.
What does Robespierre argue would happen if Louis XVI were to be acquitted?
Robespierre warns that if Louis XVI were acquitted, it would imply that all defenders of liberty are slanderers and the Revolution itself would be delegitimized. He claims that allowing the King’s acquittal would revive royalism and encourage factions that could threaten the Republic.
How does Robespierre justify the execution of Louis XVI in the context of revolution?
Robespierre argues that the execution is not about vengeance but about securing the nation’s future. He believes that the people have the right to avenge their liberty after so many sacrifices and battles, and that executing Louis is necessary for the survival of the Republic.
What does Robespierre propose should happen to Louis XVI?
Robespierre proposes that Louis XVI be declared a traitor to the French nation and a criminal against humanity, and that he be executed as an example of justice for the world, reinforcing the Republic’s strength and commitment to liberty.
