L05 - Document - Karl Marx Flashcards
What does the history of all past society consist of, according to Marx and Engels?
The development of class antagonisms, which assume different forms in different epochs.
What is a common factor in all past ages?
The exploitation of one part of society by another.
What happens to social consciousness in the presence of class antagonisms?
Social consciousness moves within certain common forms or general ideas that cannot completely vanish except with the total disappearance of class antagonisms.
What is the Communist revolution described as?
The most radical rupture with traditional property-relations and traditional ideas.
Will these measures be the same in all countries?
No, the measures will vary by country but certain measures are generally applicable in advanced countries.
What is the first step in the revolution by the working class?
To raise the proletariat to the position of ruling class and win the battle of democracy.
How will the proletariat use its political supremacy?
To wrest all capital from the bourgeoisie, centralize all instruments of production in the hands of the State (the proletariat organized as the ruling class), and increase the total productive forces as rapidly as possible.
What kind of measures are necessary at the beginning of the revolution?
Despotic inroads on the rights of property and bourgeois production, which may appear economically insufficient but are necessary to revolutionize the mode of production.
What are the ten measures generally applicable in advanced countries?
1.Abolition of property in land and application of all rents of land to public purposes.
2.A heavy progressive or graduated income tax.
3.Abolition of all rights of inheritance.
4.Confiscation of the property of all emigrants and rebels.
5.Centralization of credit in the hands of the State through a national bank with State capital and an exclusive monopoly.
6.Centralization of communication and transport in the hands of the State.
7.Extension of State-owned factories and instruments of production, cultivation of waste lands, and improvement of the soil in a common plan.
8.Equal obligation of all to labor, including industrial armies for agriculture.
9.Combination of agriculture with manufacturing industries and a more equal distribution of the population between town and country.
10.Free education for all children in public schools, abolition of children’s factory labor in its present form, and combination of education with industrial production.
How does the proletariat abolish its own supremacy as a class?
By sweeping away the old conditions of production and class antagonisms, thereby abolishing its own supremacy.
What happens when class distinctions disappear?
All production is concentrated in the hands of a vast association of the whole nation, and political power loses its character as the organized power of one class oppressing another.
What replaces the old bourgeois society?
An association in which the free development of each is the condition for the free development of all.
