L 42 Flashcards
What does FAST stand for?
What % of strokes are FAST symptoms present for?
Face, Arm, Speech, Time
85% of strokes show FAST symptoms.
Strokes generally affect … year olds.
They can occur in … people but mainly in … people.
… have a higher risk than …
There is a … stroke rate in NZ Europeans
The stroke rate has … for māori, pacific and some asian populations.
Strokes generally affect >65 year olds.
They can occur in younger people but mainly in older people.
Females have a higher risk than males (as they live longer)
There is a declining stroke rate in NZ Europeans
The stroke rate has doubled for māori, pacific and some asian populations.
Māori and pacific people are … times more likely to suffer a stroke than NZ europeans. Their strokes are likely to be … severe and occur at a … age
Māori and Pacific people are 1.5-3 times more likely to suffer a stroke than NZ Europeans. Their strokes are likely to be more severe and occur at a younger age
Main risk factors for stroke x4
Increasing age
Female gender
Non-European ethnicity
HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE
Other risk factors (more general) x7
Obesity, smoking, heart disease, inactivity, stress, alcohol
Having a stroke significantly … your risk of having a recurrent stroke
…
What is a stroke?
An interruption of blood flow to the brain, causing neurons to become damaged from a lack of oxygen.
What artery supplies blood to the brain?
The internal carotid artery
What artery supplies blood to the face, scalp and ears?
External carotid artery
What is a global stroke?
When blood flow is interrupted to most of the brain
What is a focal stroke?
When blood flow is interrupted to a specific area of the brain.
Every minute that a stroke is untreated, the average patient loses…. x3
What is the neuron lss equivalent to?
1.9 million neurons
13.8 billion synapses
12km of axonal fibres
Neuronal loss is equivalent to 3.6 years of aging.
Th salvageable tissue … over time that a stroke is left untreated
Th salvageable tissue decreases over time that a stroke is left untreated
Territories of the 3 main arteries
Anterior cerebral arter (ACA)
Middle cerebral artery (MCA)
Posterior cerebral artery (PCA)
Symptoms of a left MCA stroke
On the right side: Weakness, sensory loss
Difficulty speaking and understanding speech
Dysarthria
Difficulty speaking
Aphasia
Difficulty understanding speech
The left side of the brain controls the … side of the body.
The right side of the brain controls the … side of the body.
The left side of the brain controls the right side of the body.
The right side of the brain controls the left side of the body.
Symptoms of a right MCA strokee
Left sided: weakness, sensory loss
Neglect (to a body part), can’t recognise own condition, flat mood/depressive moods
Asomatognosia
Failure to recognise parts of one’s own body
Anosognosia
Patient is unaware of their illness