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PHCY 310 > L 21 & 22 Hyperlipidaemia 1 > Flashcards

L 21 & 22 Hyperlipidaemia 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Hyperlipidaemia definition

A

Raised serum levels 1) total cholesterol,2) LDL 3) TGs.

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2
Q

Why are raised cholesterol levels a risk?

A

It increases the risk of atherosclerotic development

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3
Q

Just remember that There is variability of lipoprotein concentration between populations

A

Lipid concentrations

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4
Q

Māori are more than … as likely to die from CVD

A

More than twice as likely to die from CVD

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5
Q

What is the percentage of all deaths with hyperlipidemia in NZ?

A

17%

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6
Q

What is cardiovascular risk facrtors?

A

High blood pressure, abnormal lipids, smoking, unhealthy diet/obesity, physical inactivity, diabetes, age, family history, gender, ethnicity/race

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7
Q

What is the percentage of New Zealanders that have one modifiable risk factor for heart with hyperlipidemia?

A

90%

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8
Q

How to discuss CV risk with your patient

A

Define CV event
Modifiable vs non-modifiable risk factors
State in frequency not probability (e.g 15 out of 100 will experience a CV event in the next 5 years, rather than 15% chance of developing)

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9
Q

Cholesterol is ….soluble

A

NOT water soluble

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10
Q

For transport, cholesterol needs to be … Why?

A

Packaged and carried by lipoproteins as they are water soluble

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11
Q

What is cholesterol’s role in the body?

A

Maintaining cell membrane integrity and synthesis of bile acids and hormones

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12
Q

What are the 6 classes of lipoproteins?

A
  1. Chylomicrons
  2. Chylomicron remnants
  3. Very low-density lipoproteins
  4. Low-density lipoproteins
  5. Intermediate density lipoproteins
  6. High-density lipoproteins
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13
Q

How do the 6 classes of lipoproteins vary?

A

Vary in size and in density

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14
Q

Which lipoprotein is “good for humans”?

A

HDL and bad is LDL

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15
Q

What do lipoproteins contain?

A

TAG, cholesterol, phospholipids, and apolipoproteins (amphipathic proteins)

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16
Q

What are apoproteins?

A

They are the Components of lipoproteins. Based on apoproteins they contain we can differentiate that lipoprotein.

17
Q

What do chylomicrons and VLDL do?

A

They deliver TAG to different cells in the body

18
Q

What does LDL do?

A

It delivers cholesterol to cells in the body where it can be used, for the synthesis of membranes and steroid hormones

19
Q

What does HDL do?

A

It Reverses cholesterol transport, Removes the excess cholesterol than bring that back again to the liver.

20
Q

What is a primary dyslipidemia?

A

Genetically determined dyslipidemia but is also influenced by environmental factors.

21
Q

What is secondary dyslipidemia?

A

It occurs with other disorders or as a result of other drug therapies. Can be treated if the underlying cause is treated.

22
Q

Medications that can increase hyperlipidemia risk (x4)

A

(diuretics + beta-blockers), oral contraceptives, corticosteroids, ciclosporin.

23
Q

Medical conditions that can increase hyperlipidemia risk (x6)

A 
Diabetes
Pregnancy
Hypothyroidism
Chronic renal failure
Alcohol abuse
Cardiac transplantation
24
Q

Pathophysiology of atherosclerosis - 4x steps

A
  1. Migration and proliferation of smooth muscle cells
  2. Presence of Smooth muscle cells + fibroblasts secrete collagen, proteoglycans, elastin, and glycoproteins to create a fibrous cap about the necrotic tissue
  3. Presence of Atherosclerotic plaques: narrows blood vessels, therefore, reduces blood flow.
  4. Plaque ruptures: causing loss of endothelium and formation of a thrombus (clot)
25
Q

What is the 1st step of atherosclerosis?

A

Migration and proliferation of smooth muscle cells

26
Q

What is the 2nd step of atherosclerosis?

A

Smooth muscle cells + fibroblasts secrete collagen, proteoglycans, elastin, and glycoproteins to create a fibrous cap about the necrotic tissue

27
Q

What is the 3rd step of atherosclerosis?

A

Atherosclerotic plaques narrow blood vessels, therefore, reduces blood flow.

28
Q

What is the 4th step (complication) of atherosclerosis?

A

Plaque ruptures, causing loss of endothelium and formation of a thrombus (clot)

29
Q

How do you determine a patient’s lipid levels?

A

they don’t have symptoms.

By doing a Blood test only

30
Q

Hyperlipidemia contributes to a

A

Patients overall CV risk

PHCY 310 (65 decks)

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