L 20 Therapy of Hypertension

Question 1

Prevalence(commonness) of Hypertension (HTN) in adults?

Answer 1

22% of adults

Question 2

How many stages of HTN are there? What are the values for each?

Answer 2

Stage 1 (mild) = >140/90
Stage 2 (moderate) = >160/100
Severe hypertension = >180/110

Question 3

Signs and symptoms of hypertension

Answer 3

Usually none. Sometimes headache. Potential symptoms from other complications.

Question 4

Target BP

Answer 4

140/90 for most people, 130/80 for CKD, CVD, or diabetic patients

Question 5

What is the less than <5% CVD risk recommendation for the patient?

Answer 5

Lifestyle modifications only

Question 6

What is 5-15% CVD risk recommendation for patients mean?

Answer 6

Lifestyle + discuss benefits v harms of bp-lowering meds if >140/90

Question 7

What is Greater than >15% CVD risk recommendation for patient mean?

Answer 7

Blood pressure-lowering meds are strongly recommended if over 130>80

Question 8

Recommendation for >160/100 BP + any level of CVD risk

Answer 8

Blood pressure-lowering medicines are generally recommended.

Question 9

What are the Non Pharmacological treatment options for Hypertension?

Answer 9

Dietary sodium retention
Low-fat diet, high in veggies and fruits
Weight reduction if overweight
Regular physical activity
Moderation of alcohol consumption
Smoking cessation

Question 10

Pharmacological treatment options Examples for HTN?

Answer 10

Beta blocker (x2) metoprolol, bisoprolol
ACE inhibitor : enalapril
Thiazide (x2) bendroflumethiazide, indapamide
CCB (x2) Amlodipine, nifedipine
Alpha blocker: Doxasozin
ARB: Losartan

Question 11

What are the Hypertension treatment steps (in addition to lifestyle)?

Answer 11

ACEI or ARB or CCB
+ another of ACEI, ARB or CCB
+ thiazide diuretic

Question 12

First-line HTN treatment for diabetics

Answer 12

ACEI as its reno-protective

Question 13

First-line HTN treatment in HF or IHD patients

Answer 13

B blocker as its cardio-protective.