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PHCY 310 > L 19 Pharmacology of Hypertension > Flashcards

L 19 Pharmacology of Hypertension Flashcards

1
Q

The 90% of hypertension is ‘primarily’ the reason is?

A

unknown

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2
Q

What are the Therapy goal with Drug treatments for hypertension?

A

Dilate blood vessels
Reduce vasoconstriction
Reduce blood volume
Reduce cardiac load

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3
Q

What is RAAS?

A

Renin-angiotensin aldosterone system

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4
Q

What is the side effect of B1 blocker, if we anticipate(expect) a….what will happen to our heart?

A

Slow down the heart rate

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5
Q

If we give an Alpha blocker then we anticipate therapeutic effects?

A

Vasodilation results in a decrease in heart rate.

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6
Q

If we give a B blocker for our lungs what will happen?

A

bronchoconstriction ( B2 is more than B1)

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7
Q

Why are high dose selective B1 blockers (+example) and non-selective B-blockers (+example) avoided in asthmatics?why?

A

Because giving a non-selective B blocker or a high dose of a B1 selective blocker will cause bronchoconstriction, therefore should be avoided in asthmatics.
Non-selective B-blocker e.g propranolol
Selective B1 blocker e.g metoprolol

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8
Q

What is the side effect of Alpha blockers?

A

Dizziness/postural hypotension (light headedness when standing)

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9
Q

How many nephrons in each kidney?

A

Around One million perhaps

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10
Q

Nephrons are divided into two structures: what they are?

A

Glomerulus and Renal tubules

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11
Q

What is the Homeostasis of renal function?

A

Excrete of water and waste and xenobiotic substances
RAAS system controls these 2x things they are:
Extracellular fluid volume(ECF) and Electrolyte balance

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12
Q

Renin is released in response to

A

Reduced BP or renal blood flow

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13
Q

How does RAAS (Renin angiotensin aldosterone system work)?

A

ATS=>ATI=>ATII=>Aldosterone
ATS means=> Angiotensinogen
ATI means=> Angiotensin i
ATII means=>Angiotensin ii

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14
Q

What is the therapeutic effects of ACE inhibitor or angiotensin ii receptor blocker(ARB)

A

Cause vasodilation

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15
Q

Angiotensin II receptor blocker causes…

A

Vasoconstriction and aldosterone release

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16
Q

What are the therapeutic effects of Aldosterone?

A

K+ excretion, Na+ and water reabsorption

17
Q

If we give an ACE inhibitor or an angiotensin receptor blocker we can expect…

A

Vasodilation

ATII causes vasoconstriction so blocking this path = vasodilation

18
Q

What If we give an aldosterone antagonist (stops binding to mineralocort receptor) we can anticipate?

A

Decrease in Na+ and water reabsorption and increase in K+ (opposite effects to aldosterone)

19
Q

Is an aldosterone antagonist used to treat hypertension?

A

No, more relevant to heart failure

20
Q

What are the only diuretics used routinely to treat hypertension?

A

Thiazides

21
Q

How do thiazides work?

A

Inhibit Na+Cl- transporter in DCT (Distal convoluted tubule) and PCT to increase NaCl excretion, therefore reducing BP as water is excreted too.

22
Q

What are the Side effects of ACEI and ARBs x3

A

Dizziness/postural hypotension
Hyperkalaemia
ACEI can cause cough due to bradykinin build up (not being broken down by ACE anymore)

23
Q

What are the side effects of thiazide diuretics?

A

Dizziness/postural hypotension
Hypo: K+, Na+, Cl-, Mg2+
Hyper: Ca2+, Urea, glycaemia

24
Q

Where do Calcium Channel Blockers act?

A

Act at L-type voltage gated calcium channels

25
Q

Where are L-type voltage-gated calcium channels found?

A

Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle

26
Q

What subunit do Calcium Channel Blockers bind to?

A

Bind to Alpha 1 subunit, of membrane-spanning proteins

27
Q

Do Calcium channel blockers plug the hole of the channel?

A

No

28
Q

What are the 2 classes of Calcium Channel Blockers?

A

Dihydropyridines and non-DHP CCBs

29
Q

What are the CCB’s therapeutic effects?

A

Increase cardiac output

30
Q

What are the Side effects of CCBs

A

Headache, flushing, dizziness, peripheral edema, constipation

31
Q

What are the Side effects of Non-DHP CCBs?

A

cause bradycardia (slower than normal heart rate)

32
Q

CCB examples (DHP and non-DHPs)

A

(Dihydropyridines)DHP CCBs: felodipine, amlodipine

Non-DHP CCBs: verapamil, diltiazem

33
Q

Verapamil is a …. and interacts with…

A

Strong CYP3A4 inhibitor and interacts with simvastatin.

34
Q

What is the Variability in beneficial effects and side effects related to CCBs?

A

Drugs PK and PD and other combinations with the drugs

PHCY 310 (65 decks)

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