L 16,17 CVD Lab tests

Question 1

What is the heart weigh?

Answer 1

240-340 grams

Question 2

Median adult heart rate is?

Answer 2

75 bpm(beats per minuates)

Question 3

0

Answer 3

0

Question 4

Avg resting cardiac pumps and blood output for healthy adult is ?

Answer 4

5.5L/min

Question 5

Avg hepatic blood flow and avg renal blood flow for man is ?

Answer 5

Hepatic: 1.2L/min
Renal: 1L/min

Question 6

What is the function of the heart?

Answer 6

Transport blood throughout the body

Carry oxygenated blood

Question 7

How many layers in arteries and veins ?

Answer 7

3 layers: Endothelial, Medial and External.

Question 8

Who carries oxygenated blood and who carries deoxygenated blood?

Answer 8

Arteries carry Oxygenated blood

Veins carry deoxygenated blood

Question 9

What are the abnormalities of the heart we experience?

Answer 9

Coronary arteries clots e.g. IHD
Heart valves
Heart rhythm e.g. AF
Health muscle e.g. HF
Pericardium
Other arterial blood vessels e.g. HTN
Venous blood vessels e.g DVT and PE

Question 10

9 measures of cardiac function

Answer 10

Heart rate (HR) as the pressure increases the heart rate increases.
Stroke volume
Cardiac output
Ejection fraction
Blood pressure (x3: SBP, DBP, PP)
Mean arterial pressure (MAP)
Central venous pressure (CVP)
Preload
Afterload

Question 11

Heart rate (HR) summary?

Answer 11

Number of heart beats per minute. also called pulse
pulse
60-100bpm, ~75

Question 12

Stroke volume summary?

Answer 12

Volume of blood pumped from the left ventricle per heartbeat.
Range: 60-120mL
SV = EDV - ESV

Question 13

Cardiac output summary?

Answer 13

Volume of blood pumped through the ventricles per minute.
Range = 4-8L/min. average 5.5L/min
Not directly measured
CO = HR x SV

Question 14

Ejection fraction summary

Answer 14

Fraction of blood pumped from the ventricles with each heartbeat.
EF = SV/EDV
Normally: 50-70%

Question 15

Blood pressure?

Answer 15

The hydrostatic pressure, exerted by circulating blood on (arterial) vessel walls.
Expressed as systolic/diastolic in mmHg
Normal = ~120/80mmHg
>140mmHg systolic indicates hypertension.

Question 16

Equation for pulse pressure

Answer 16

PP = SBP - DBP

Question 17

Pulse pressure … as arterial compliance ….

Answer 17

Pulse pressure increases as arterial compliance decreases (elasticity decreases)

Question 18

Central venous pressure summary

Answer 18

A measure of right atrial pressure and preload.

Normal range: 2-6mmHg

Question 19

Preload ?

Answer 19

Preload, also known as the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), is the amount of ventricular stretch at the end of diastole.

Diastole = atria contracting and opening, so blood can flow through

Question 20

Afterload ?

Answer 20

PRESSURE required to push the blood through the currently closed valves during systole.

Question 21

How does hypertension affect cardiac function?

Answer 21

Lower arterial compliance, increased vascular resistance, left ventricular hypertrophy.
Pulmonary hypertension, right ventricular hypertrophy

Question 22

How does ischaemic heart disease affect cardiac function?

Answer 22

Ischaemic heart disease can cause angina and heart attacks

Question 23

How do cardiac arrythmias affect cardiac function?

Answer 23

Blood stagnates, clots form, can cause stroke

Question 24

For a failing heart, drugs aim to:

Answer 24

• Reduce load on the heart
• Regulate heart rate
• Improve organ perfusion

Question 25

Primary function of the heart:

Answer 25

To maintain adequate Carbon di Oxide and Maintain Arterial Pressure

Question 26

What is?

Answer 26

Diastolic= when blood return to the heart (bcz of relaxation)
Systolic= When blood goes away from the heart(bcz of contraction)

Question 27

What is called pulse?

Answer 27

Number of heartbeats per minute also called pulse

Question 28

What is EF?

Answer 28

Ejection fraction

The fraction of blood pumped from the ventricles (usually LV, LVEF) with each heartbeat.