Knowledge pt 1 Flashcards
What is a concept (3)
a unit of knowledge
a mental representation that picks out a set of entities or a category
concepts link knowledge together
what is a category?
a group of related things
What is categorization?
the process by which things are placed into groups called catagories
What are concepts and categories useful for?
understanding
prediction
learning
communication
What is knowlegde?
how we catagorize things
how we represent the relationship between catagories
Categorization:
what is the Definitional approach?
determine category membership based on whether the object meets the definition of the category
Defining features of a square
Categorization:
what is the defining features?
features that any object must have to be a category member
necessary and sufficient conditions
The definitional approach doesn’t work well for what?
everyday categories. defining features are too rigid
Categorization:
what is the prototype approach?
family resemblance
things in a category resemble one another in a number of ways
Categorization:
what is a prototype?
an average of category members encountered in the past
an abstract representation of the “typical” member of a category
Categorization:
what is the characteristic features?
features that objects in the category typically have
the most salient features of the category
true of most instances of that category
Mervis (Naming)
does prototypicallity affect naming?
more prototypical members of a category are named before less prototypical members
Rosch (Priming)
does prototypicality affect priming?
task:
hear a colour work
make a same/ different judgment about two coloured discs
when participants heard “green” they brought to mind the prototype for the colour green. This acted as a better prime for stimuli that matched the prototype word
What is the exemplar approach?
actual examples of a catagory
concept is represented by multiple examples
examples are actual category members
to categorize, compare the new idea to store exemplars
What is the typicality effect?
more typical members of a category are processed faster and easier
