History and methods part 2 Flashcards
Generalizability
are the findings applicable across populations and contexts?
Ecological validity?
are the findings relevant to real world behaviour?
Experimental control?
can cause and effect be establshed?
Observer effect?
is the persence of the reasecher affecting the behaviour of the participant?
observer bias?
is the researcher acting as a neutral observer
Naturalistic observation:
what is this?
observing participants in real life setting without manipulation by the researcher
Naturalistic observation:
strengths?
high ecological validity
Naturalistic observation:
weaknesses?
no eperimental control
potential for an observer effect and/or observer bias
rarely used
Case studies?
detailed analysis of one, or a small group of participants often patients
Case studies?
strengths?
highly detailed analysis of rare conditions
Case studies?
weaknesses
observations can be subjective and biased
hard to generalize to the population
occasionally used
Correlational studies
measure multiple variables and analyze them forrelationships
Correlational studies
strengths?
can look at variables that can’t be manipulated
good ecological validity
Correlational studies
weaknesses
no experimental control
Self report?
patrticipants repor on themselves using tools such as surveys interviews and verbal reports
Self report
strengths?
large samples generalize well to the population
can look at caribles that can’t be manipulated
self report
weaknesses?
no experimental control
potential for observer bias and social desirablility bias can distort findings
Controlled lab experiments
carfully controlled tasks with independent and dependent variables such as RT accuracy and eye movement
Controlled lab experiments
strengths
experimental controls
Controlled lab experiments
weaknesses?
poor ecological validity
can be hard to feneralize to the population
observer effects
frequently used in congnitive psychology
What do computational models provide?
quantitative specifications of theories
allows us to make specific predicitions
allows us to test non- intuitive ideas
helps us understand our assumptions and realize what we are overlooking
Coputational models are to psychology what math is to what?
physics
types of computational models?
math
symbolic
connectionist
reinforcement learning
biological
dynamical systems
Bayesian
Complutational models allow what?
us to explore ideas about the nature of cognition
