Attention pt 1

Question 1

What is attention?

Answer 1

The cognitive mechanism by which information is prioritized for processing

Question 2

What are the sources of attention

Answer 2

Exogenous

Endogenous

Question 3

What is exogenous attention?

Answer 3

Reflexive, automatic “bottom up”

Question 4

what is endogenous attention?

Answer 4

Voluntary, intentional “top down”

Question 5

what are the targets of attention?

Answer 5

external: Sensory information

Internal: memories, rules, goals, responses

Question 6

Types of attention?

Answer 6

overt vs covert

momentary vs sustained

Sevelctive vs divided

Question 7

What is selective attention?

Answer 7

our ability to focus on one message and ignore all others

we do not attend to a large fraction of the info in the environment

we filter out some info and promote other info for further processing

Question 8

What is a low load condition in the Flanker compatibility task?

Answer 8

RT is longer for incompatible distractors

Participant still had resources available to process additional information

Question 9

What is a high load condition in the Flanker compatibility task?

Answer 9

type of distractor does not affect reaction time

participants use all resources for primary task

no resources to process the distractor

Question 10

What is the cognitive load in selective attention?

Answer 10

how much of a persons cognitive resources are used to accomplish a task

Question 11

What is the difference of low load and high load?

Answer 11

low load: uses few resources, resources avalible for other tasks

High load: uses almost all resources, no resources avalible for other tasks

Question 12

Low-load condition results for forster and lavie 2008

Answer 12

RT is longer with cartoon distractor

participant use few resources for primary task

resources available to process distractor

Question 13

high load condition results for forster and lavie 2008

Answer 13

rt is smaller with cartood distractor

participants use most resources for primary task

few resources avalible to process the distractor

Question 14

What is selective attention?

Answer 14

what drives our focus of attention

Question 15

What two classes that guide our attention?

Answer 15

Bottom up determinants of attentional focus also know as stimulus salience

Top doen
scene schema

Question 16

What are examples of bottom up stimulus salience?

Answer 16

areas that stand out and capture attention

bottom up process

depends on physical characteristics of stimulus not on meaning

colour motion contrast orientation are highly salient

Question 17

Bottom up determinants of attentional focus combine to form what?

Answer 17

saliency map

Question 18

What is the top down determinants of attentional focus?

Answer 18

scene schema

Question 19

What is a scene schema

Answer 19

knowledge about what is contained i a typical scenes

help guide fixations from one area of a scene to another

Question 20

What is top down task demands?

Answer 20

goals and steps of a task guide attentional focus

eye movements precede motor actions by a fraction of a second

Question 21

Selective attention experiments

what task was usd for how well are we able to selectively attend?

Answer 21

flanker task

Question 22

Selective attention experiments

what task was used for what drives our focus of attention?

Answer 22

eye tracker

Question 23

Selective attention experiments

what task was used for what are the mechanisms of covert attention?

Answer 23

spatial cueing