judgment and reasoning Flashcards
is is reasoning?
cognitive process by which people start with info and come to conculusions that go beyond that info
What is deductive reasoning?
in deductive reasoning, or deductive logic the conculsion necessarily follows from the premises
What is syllogisms?
two statements called premises
third statement called conclusion
what is categorical syllogisms?
describes relationships between two categories using all, no or some
Deductive reasoning
validity vs truth
a syllogism is valid if what?
if its conclusion follows logically from its two premises
categorical syllogisms
how well can people judge validity of categorical syllogisms?
evaluation
- ask people is conclusions follows logically from premises
production
-ask people to indicate what logically follows from premises
What is the atmosphere effect?
if both premises and the conculsions all use the same descriptor then people tend to say the syllogism is valid
atmosphere effects suggests valid but not valid
what is the belief bias?
if syllogism is true or agrees with a persons beliefs more likely to be judged as valid
if syllogism is false or disagrees with a persons belieds more likely to be judged as not valid
Conditional syllogisms
first premise if p, then q
what is the falsification principle?
to test a rule you must look for situations that falsify it
what is the pragmatic reasoning schema?
thinking about cause and effect in the world as part of experiencing everyday life
what is permission schema?
is A is satisfied, B can be carried out
used in the concrete versions
people are familiar with rules
