Klinisk patologi ud fra opgaver :) Flashcards

1
Q
  1. Diagnostic exfoliativ cytology is a frequently used paraclinical test when tumors are identifies in a veterinary patient. The tumor is sampled and the sample is microskopically evaluated. When no specific signs of disease is observed, the following statement is true:
    a. The sample is “non-diagnostic” due to the low diagnostic sensitivity of exfoliative cytology.
    b. Disease can be “ruled-out” due to the high diagnostic sensitivity of exfoliative cytology.
    c. The sample is “non-diagnostic” due to the low diagnostic specificity of exfoliative cytology.
    d. None of the above
A

Prøvesvaret er negativt: ingen specifikke tegn på sygdom.
Men der kan jo godt være sygdom til stede uden man kan se det => falsk negative
Hvad gør man ? KIGGER EFTER SYGDOM. Derfor er det sensitivitet.
sensitivitet er: The ability of a test to identify individuals with disease.
man vil gerne “rule out” når svaret negativ. Men det kan man ikke gøre her, da exfoliativ cytologi kræver yderligere undersøgelser!
svaret er a: The sample is “non-diagnostic” due to the low diagnostic sensitivity of exfoliative cytology.

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2
Q

Sensitivity

siger hvad om en test?

A

Testens evne til at identificere individer med sygdom

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3
Q

Specificity

siger hvad om en test?

A

Testens evne til at identificere individer uden sygdom

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4
Q

Risikoen for ikke at finde sygdom (som faktisk der) er LAV med _____ ?

A

HØJ sensitivitet

Dvs der er lille chance for at svaret var falsk positiv.

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5
Q

Sensitivity kan (hvis den er høj) bruges til at rule-in eller rule out sygdom?

A

rule out!

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6
Q

Specificity kan (hvis den er høj) bruges til at rule-in eller rule out sygdom?

A

Rule in!

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7
Q

Hvad er markører på cellulær skade i leveren?

marker of cellular damage in the liver

A

ALAT og ASAT

ALAT mest akkurat da ASAT også kan stamme fra andre væv end lever

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8
Q

ALP/BASP er hvad? og markør for hvad?

A

Det er alkalin fosfatase. Forhøjet betyder ny syntese og frigivelse.
sammen med GGT (gamma-glutanyltransferase) er det
“stase enzym” - kan være tegn på cholestasis (galderetention)

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9
Q

Stress leukogram

Hvad er det induceret af?

A

The “stress leukogram” is aused by an increase in glucocorticoid concentration.

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10
Q

Hvad “består” et stress leukogram af?

A

Mild to moderate leukocytosis
Mature neutrophilia
LYMPHOPENIA (and eosinopenia)
Monocytosis (especially dogs)

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11
Q

Er et “stress leukogram” diagnostisk for hyperadrenocorticism (cushings disease) ?

A

Nej

Det kan jo være andre ting end cushing der laver stress leukogrammet.

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12
Q

left-shift ses i hvilken type leukogram?

A

Akut inflammatorisk leukogram

eller Extreme neutrophilic leukocytosis inflammatorisk leukogram

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13
Q

hvilket leukogram kan ses ved en stigning i catecholamine concentration?
og hvilke slags leukocytter ses der stigning i?

A

Physiologic Leukocytosis - ophidselse, frygt

Lympfocytose, neutrofili
– Often lymphocytosis in cats: often more lymphocytes than neutrophils

Happens within few minutes
Decreases within ½ hour when the animal has calmed down

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14
Q

canine C-reactive protein
reflect the presence and extent of systemic inflammatory activity.
what has been documented in the literature to support this claim?

A

FAST ELIMINATION: Short plasma half-life documented through fast elimination after inflammation has resolved
+
FAST INCREASE: Fast increase in plasma concentration after systemic inflammation is induced.
+
Plasma concentration reflects the extent of the inflammatory process.
STOR stigning. LAV fysiologisk
Specific marker of systemic inflammation

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15
Q

presence of D-dimers in the blood represents

- and can be seen when?

A

fibrin fragments and therefore indicates fibrinolysis.

Hund med DIC

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16
Q

Sensitivity: 100%

betyder hvad?

A

no false negative

17
Q

Specificity: 100%

betyder hvad?

A

no false positive