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Anna og Therese paraclinics > 4 Bacterial infections in companion animals > Flashcards

4 Bacterial infections in companion animals Flashcards

1
Q

Common bacterial infections in dogs

A
  • Skin/ear infections
  • Urinary tract infections
  • Respiratory infections
  • (Gastrointestinal infections)
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2
Q

Common bacterial infections in cats

A
  • Abscesses/wounds

* Respiratory infections

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3
Q

Up to 90% of skin infections are caused by?

A

Staphylococcus pseudintermedius

  • 46-92% of dogs may be colonized at any given time:
  • 38% permanent carriers
  • 56% transient carriers
  • 6% non-carriers
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4
Q

Otitis externa, dogs

• Bacteria/fungi involved:

A

• S. pseudintermedius most common
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa is almost as common and
almost never found in healthy dog/cat ears. Can be very
problematic
• Malassezia is almost as common!

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5
Q

Pyoderma treatment

- hvornår skal tages prøver til lab??

A

Culture + susceptibility testing indicated for all cases of

pyoderma treated systemically w. antibiotics

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6
Q

Otitis externa – treatment

• Mild infection – cocci

A

• Ear cleaner with antimicrobial effect (e.g. chlorhexidine)

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7
Q

Otitis externa – treatment

• Moderate infection – cocci with/without rods

A

• Ear cleaner with antimicrobial effect (e.g. chlorhexidine)

  • If necessary also
  • Fusidic acid/framycetin
  • Gentamicin
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8
Q

Otitis externa – treatment

• Severe infection – often Pseudomonas

A
  • Topical treatment depending on the status of the ear drum (many compounds are ototoxic)
  • Systemic treatment (enrofloxacin) in rare cases
  • Antiinflammatory treatment
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9
Q

Otitis externa – treatment

Malassezia

A

• Ear cleaners with anti-fungal effect

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10
Q

Abscesses (bite wounds)
• Most common bacterial infection of feline skin – much more common than in dogs
What bacterias is the most common?

A 
General perception that Pasteurella multocida is by far the most common agent but anaerobic bacteria are often not cultured and may be equally (or more) important:
• Bacteroides
• Fusobacterium
• Peptostreptococcus
• Clostridium
• Etc.
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11
Q

Abscesses (bite wounds)
treatment
• Well-defined abscess in healthy animal

A

• Drainage, flushing with diluted chlorhexidine and debridement

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12
Q

Abscesses (bite wounds)
treatment
• Systemic infection, diffuse infection, immune
compromised animal, involvement of joint or other
critical structures

A
  • 1st choice: clindamycin or amoxicillin

* 2nd choice: amoxi/clav

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13
Q

Urinary tract infections (UTI)

- hvilke bakterier?

A
  • E. coli constitutes up to or more than 50% of all isolates
  • Proteus, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter: 15-30%
  • Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Enterococcus: 20-30%
  • NB: Pasteurella common cause in cats but not dogs
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14
Q

UTI - treatment

• Lower urinary tract infections

A

• 1st choice: amoxicillin
• 2nd choice: sulfa/TMP
Culture + susceptibility testing indicated for all cases of UTI treated systemically w. antibiotics

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15
Q

UTI - treatment

• Pyelonephritis

A

• 1st choice: amoxi/clav
• 2nd choice: enrofloxacin
Culture + susceptibility testing indicated for all cases of UTI treated systemically w. antibiotics

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16
Q

Common bacterial infections in horses

A
  • Respiratory infections
  • Infections in the reproductive tract
  • Endometritis
  • Metritis
  • Enteritis
  • Joint infections
  • Wound infections
17
Q

HEST
Respiratory infections
• Bacterial infections which are often secondary to viral inf.

A
  • Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus
  • Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis
  • Actinobacillus equuli
  • Bordetella bronchiseptica
  • E. coli
  • Pasteurella spp.
  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Streptococcus equi subsp. equi is a primary pathogen causing strangles and Rhodococcus equi is also a primary cause of pneumonia in foals

18
Q

Strangles
ætiologi

• Diagnosis

A
  • Etiology:
  • Streptococcus equi subsp equi
  • Host-specific
  • Highly transmissible ≥4 weeks after disease onset
  • Transmitted by fomites + infectious exudate
  • Prolonged shedding may occur from guttural pouches

• Culture of abscess material or nasal discharge

19
Q

Strangles - treatment

A 
• Isolate horse (very contagious)
• Antibiotic treatment controversial
• Reasons not to use antibiotics:
• Often recovery without antibiotics but with supportive therapy (incl drainage of abscesses)
• Immunity may not develop
• Reasons to use antibiotics
• Complications (long fever, airsacculitis etc.)
• Silent carrier animals
• Precautionary to avoid transmission 
Drug of choice: penicillin
20
Q

Granulomatous pneumonia in foals

• Etiology:

A

• Rhodococcus equi (G+, intracellular, ubiquitous in soil)
• Transmitted by air to foals causing disease in immuno
compromised individuals

21
Q

Granulomatous pneumonia in foals

• Symptoms

A
  • Slow development – symptoms appear late
  • Lethargy, tachypnea, fever
  • Cough + typical auscultation pattern
  • Abdominal involvement: diarrhea, colic etc.
22
Q

Granulomatous pneumonia in foals

• Diagnosis/sampling

A
  • X-ray / ultrasound

* BAL / trans-tracheal wash for cytology/culture

23
Q

Granulomatous pneumonia - treatment

A

• Isolate foal – clean premises
• Supportive therapy
• Antibiotics
• Erythromycin + rifampicin
• Cave 1: mare diarrhea possible
• Cave 2: same treatment for tuberculosis in humans,
so avoid unnecessary use (e.g. subclinical infections)
• Cave 3: never use rifampicin alone – resistance
development
• In general: in vitro susceptibility result for R. equi not
always trustworthy as bacteria can ”hide” in lung
macrophages

24
Q

Inflammatory lower airway disease (IAD)

etiologi

A

• Multi-factorial disease. One of the most common and
important diseases in young racehorses causing decreased performance
• Etiology - multifactorial
• Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus
zooepidemicus, Actinobacillus spp., Mycoplasma
equirhinis, equine herpesvirus 1 and 4 are all
significantly associated with IAD
• Age and immunity
• Environment

25
Q

Inflammatory lower airway disease (IAD)

symptoms

A

• Weeks of decreased performance, excessive tracheal
mucus, coughing
• Often recurrent

26
Q

Inflammatory lower airway disease (IAD)

diagnose

A

• BAL / trans-tracheal wash

+ culture

27
Q

Inflammatory lower airway disease (IAD)

behandling

A
  • Find and solve primary reason (e.g. environment)
  • Antibiotic treatment controversial
  • Difficult to diagnose
  • Which bacterial pathogen is relevant?
  • Viral cause?
  • Often patients are non-responsive to treatment
28
Q

Endometritis
• An acute or chronic inflammation of the endometrium,
either infectious or non-infectious
• A common problem in mares – often associated with
reduced fertility
Bacterias??

A

• Bacteria associated with endometritis

Contaminants, commensals (opportunistic organisms)
• Streptococcus zooepidemicus
• E. coli
• Etc.

Venereally transmitted
• Taylorella equigenitalis
• Klebsiella pneumoniae
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa
• Etc.

Anna og Therese paraclinics (30 decks)

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