flashcards ud fra hvad der forventes i "test"eksamen i parasit+bacteriologi

Question 1

Which antibiotic classes are active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa?

Answer 1

Fluoroquinolones (fx enrofloxacin) and aminoglycosides (fx gentamicin)

Question 2

Which bacteria causing otitis externa in dogs is a Gram-negative, glucose oxidative rod?

Answer 2

Pseudomonas auruginosa

Question 3

Which bacteria causing otitis externa in dogs is a Gram +, katalase positiv ikke mannitolfermentativ kok?

Answer 3

S. pseudintermedius

Question 4

Hvilken bakterie er en fermentativ, gram negativ stav og er tit bidsår?

Answer 4

Pasteurella

Question 5

Hvilken bakterie er en gram positive, katalase negativ kok og giver sygdrom hos hest?

Answer 5

Streptococcus equii (kværke)
streptococcus zooepidemicus (endometritis og klassisk følsyge)

Question 6

How does beta-hemolysis surrounding Staphylococcus appear on blood agar?

Answer 6

bred mørk zone med uskarpe (blurry) kant

Question 7

How does alpha-hemolysis surrounding Staphylococcus appear on blood agar?

Answer 7

Bred KLAR zone med uskarp (blurry) kant

Question 8

How does delta-hemolysis surrounding Staphylococcus appear on blood agar?

Answer 8

narrow clear zone with sharp edge

Question 9

How does beta-delta-hemolysis surrounding Staphylococcus appear on blood agar?

Answer 9

dobbelt hæmolyse

Question 10

How does alpha-hemolysis surrounding Streptococcus appear on blood agar?

Answer 10

green coloured zone

Question 11

Hvordan kan S. aureus og S. peudintermedius adskilles på MSA (mannitol salt agar)?

Answer 11

S. aureus bliver GUL pga fermentation
S. peudintermedius forbliver rød
alle staphylokokker kan vokse på msa

Question 12

Hvordan kan MRSA og MRSP adskilles på brilliance agar?

Answer 12

MRSA= Mørkeblå kolonier
MRSP= Lyseblå/hvide kolonier

Question 13

Hvordan kan staphylococcer og streptococcer adskilles med katalase testen?

Answer 13

Strep = katalase NEG.
Staph = katalase POS.

Question 14

What is the mechanism of antimicrobial resistance in methicillin-resistant staphylococci?

Answer 14

Acquisition of a modified target with low affinity for the drug
Definition: A Staphylococcus aureus, which has acquired the mecA (or mecC) gene → target modification (PBP2A) → resistance to all beta-lactams

Question 15

What is the mechanism of antimicrobial resistance in ESBL?

Answer 15

An enzyme, which can hydrolize all β-lactams except
carbapenems (+ inactivated by clavulanic acid)

Often plasmid-encoded, so spreads easily between
bacteria

Question 16

generne CTX-M, TEM, SHV and CMY

koder for hvad?

Answer 16

ESBL

Question 17

Indicator of ESBL?

Answer 17

resistance to 3. generation cephalosporins, e.g.

cefpodoxime and cefotaxime

Question 18

Macrolide- and fluoroquinolone-resistant Campylobacter

What is the mechanism??

Answer 18

→ Target modification: FQ or macrolides cannot bind and
replication continues

details:
• Fluoroquinolone (FQ) resistance
• Point mutations in gyrA, encoding DNA gyrase A, which is important for DNA-replication → Target modification: FQ cannot bind and
replication continues

• Macrolide resistance
• Point mutations in 23S rRNA or ribosomal proteins L4
and L22, which are important for protein synthesis
→ Target modification: macrolides cannot bind and
protein synthesis continues

Question 19

Common resistance phenotypes in Salmonella Typhimurium

…Mainly in S. Typhimurium DT104

Answer 19

”ACSSuT” og “ASSuT”

• Ampicillin (betalactam)
• Chloramfenikol
• Streptomycin (aminoglycosid)
• Sulphonamide
• Tetracycline

Question 20

What traditionally used antibiotics are too

risky to use for empiric treatment of Salmonella?

Answer 20

sul/amp/tet

Question 21

er ESBL resistent overfor flourokinoloner?

Answer 21

NEJ
men alle batalactamer
ikke klavulansyre - som er en betalactamasehæmmer

Question 22

The Danish guideline for antibiotic use in family (companion) animals states that samples should always be sent for culture and antibiotic susceptibility testing from two infection types. Which infections are referred to?

Answer 22

Skin and urinary tract infections

Question 23

Trophozoites of the gastro-intestinal protozoa: Giardia duodenalis and Tritrichomonas blagburni can be differentiated by microscopy based on their morphology and characteristic movement.
describe each:

Answer 23

Giardia duodenalis: movement: falling leave, morforlogi: pæreformet flagellat, 2 symmetriske cellekerner 8 flageller, 2 axonemer. Ligner spøgelsesansigter!
Tritrichomonas blagburni: movement: jerky.
3-5 fremadrettede og en bagudrettet flagel, axostylen gennem kroppen. ligner en fisk med hår ud af munden.

Question 24

Anthelmintic resistance is becoming a major problem in several livestock. In cattle in Europe, the first surveys using faecal egg count reduction tests (FECRT) have indicated reduced efficacy against one particular strongyle species. Which one?

Answer 24

Cooperia oncophora

Question 25

hvilken parasit hos heste er ret meget resistente overfor Benzimidazoler?

Answer 25

Cyathostomins