Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Structure And Function III > Kim - EKG > Flashcards

Kim - EKG Flashcards

1
Q

How is an isoelectric ekg (Biphasic) gotten?

A

Current flow towards perpendicular electrode

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The ECG. Records time- dependent changes in the __________ within the heart

A

Mean electrical vector

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How many electrodes are there in ekg

A

9

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Position V1

A

4th intercostal space, 2cm to right of sternum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Position V2

A

4th intercostal space, 2 cm to left of sternum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Position v3

A

Midway between v2 and v4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Position v4

A

5th intercostal space, left midclavicular linee

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Position V5

A

5th intercostal space, left anterior axillary line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Position v6,

A

5th intercostal space, left mid axillary line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

If heart is depolarizing towards a positive lead, which way is deflection on ekg?

A

Up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Normal direction of deflection of a wave in lead aVR

A

Negative, because direction is towards right arm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where does lead I go?

A

Negative right arm, positive left arm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where is lead II goin?

A

Negative right arm, positive left legg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where is lead three going

A

Negative left arm, positive left leg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Bipolar limb leads

A

Lead I, II, III

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Augmented unipolar limb leads

A

AVR, AVL, AVF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Normal axis is ?

A

-30 to +90

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Represents the terminal stages of ventricular repolarization or possibly the repolarization of the purkinje network.

Not always present

A

U Wave

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The Left bundle branch posterior division is also called?

A

Left posterior fascicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The left bundle branch anterior division is also called

A

Left anterior fascicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is a Q wave

A

If the first part of the QRS. Complex is negative. That is Q wave

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

____ may be normal if small, or may indicate an infarction

A

Q wave

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

R’ is a second upward deflection in the QRS complex and is seen in ___

A

Bundle branch blocks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What does “normal R wave progression mean”?

A

It means that the R wave gradually gets bigger as it goes from V1 to V6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Acute right heart strain (i.e PE), Right ventricular hypertrophy, and left posterior fascicular block are all causes of

A

Right axis deviation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

The time represented by one small square on ekg paper`

A

.04 seconds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

The time represented by one large square on ekg paper

A

0.2 seconds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

The amount of voltage in one small sqaure (vertical)

A

0.1mV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

The amount of voltage across one large squuare vertically

A

0.5mV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Part of left bundle branch that. Depolarizes the interventricular septum in a left to right direction

A

Septal fascicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is the difference between an interval and a segment on ekg?

A

Interval encompasses at least one wave plus the connecting line. Segment is just a straight line connecting two waves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Lead I angle of orientation

A

0*

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Lead II angle of orientation

A

60*

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Lead III angle of orientation

A

120*

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Lead created by making the left arm positive and the other limbs negative. Angle of orientation is -30*

A

AVL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Lead created by making the right arm positive and the other limbs negative. Angle of orientation is -150*

A

aVR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Lead created by making the legs positive and the other limbs negative. Angle of orientation is 90*

A

AVF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Inferior leads

A

II, III, aVF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Left lateral leads

A

I, aVL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Right sided limb lead

A

AVR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Anterior leads

A

V2, V3, V4

42
Q

Left lateral leads

A

V5, v6, I, aVL

43
Q

Right ventricular leads

A

AVR, V1

44
Q

The p wave amplitude is usually most positive in lead ___ and most negative in lead ____

A

II

AVR

45
Q

Normal range of p wave vecto

A

0-70 degrees

46
Q

Normal PR interval

A

0.12 -0.2 seconds

PR interval is the time from start of atrial depolarization to the start of ventricular depolarization

47
Q

Small q waves caused by septal depolarization are most commonly seen in what leads?

A

Left lateral leads. Because the septal depolarization is left to right, the left lateral leads show the q waves (which are negative)

(I, AVL, V5, v6)

48
Q

Normal septal q wave amplitude

A

Less than or equal to 0.1mV

49
Q

The precordial lead or leads in which the qrs goes from being predominantly negative to predominantly positive. Typically at leads v3 an v4

A

Transition zone

50
Q

It is typical and normal to find positive T waves in the same leads that have tall _ waves

A

R

51
Q

The QT interval is proportionate to __

A

Heart rate

52
Q

Faster heart rates have ____ QT intervals

A

Shorter

53
Q

Increased muscle mass

A

Hypertrophy

54
Q

Dilatation of a particular chamber

A

Enlargement

55
Q

Enlargement is most typically caused by?

A

Volume overload

56
Q

What three things can happen to a wave on EKG when a chamber hypertrophies?

A

Takes longer to depol (increased duration of the wave)

Increased voltage (increase amplitude)

The electrical axis can shift (more current thru bigger muscle)

57
Q

If the QRS is predominantly positive in leads ___ and ___ then the QRS axis must be normal

A

I and AVF

58
Q

If the QRS complex in either lead I or AVF is not predominantly positive, then the QRS axis ________

A

Is not normal

59
Q

Inferior wall I, LAFB, Left ventricular hypertrophy are all possible causes of ?

A

Left axis deviation

60
Q

Very sensitive. Reflects electrolyte changes, ischemia, or drugs.

Part of EKG

A

T wave

61
Q

Will the QRS complex of lead AVF be positive or negative in a pt with Right axis deviatioN?

A

It will be positive

Lead I will be negative

62
Q

The area in the atria that becomes repolarized first is the ?

A

Sinus nodal region

63
Q

In the normal ekg, all complexes of ___ are normally positive

A

Lead II

64
Q

In the normal ekg, the t wave in lead V1 may be positive, biphasic, or negative, but the T waves in leads V2 thru V6 are normally

A

Positive in adults

65
Q

The point at which the ST segment originates from the QRS complex is called the ____ point

A

J

66
Q

In a normal ekg, the QRS complex in lead V6

A

Typically begins w/ a narrow Q wave followed by a large R wave

67
Q

A wide QRS indicates that

A

Conduction is slowed somewhere

68
Q

The QT interval normalized for a heart rate of 60 beats per minute

A

Corrected QT

QTc

69
Q

Shortened PR can be indicative of ?

A

Wolf-parkinson-white

70
Q

Sinus rhythm means

A

P wave is coming from the sinus node

71
Q

P wave is upright in leads

A

I, II, III

72
Q

Count off method sequences, what is the order. Starts AFTER the R way. Do not start this on the R wave, but on the next box that is after the R wave that falls on the big box

A

300, 150, 100, 75, 60, 50

73
Q

When one ventricle greatly hypertrophies, the axis of the heart shifts _______

A

Towards the hypertrophied ventricle

74
Q

R > S in V1

Right axis deviation

A

Right ventricular hypertrophy

75
Q

S in V1 plus;

R in V5 or V6 >/= 35mm OR
R in aVL > 11mm
OR
R in lead I > 15mm

A

Left ventricular hypertrophy

76
Q

Widened QRS
RSR’ in V1
Prominent S in lead V6

A

Right bundle branch block

Flip this card when you get it to 5

77
Q

Widened QRS

Absent R and prominent S in V1

Absent small Q and broad notched R in lead V6

A

Left bundle branch block

Flip when at 5

78
Q

LAFB —> negative to

A

II , III, AVF

79
Q

The LBB. The left anterior fascicle runs through the ___, ____, and ____, portion of the left ventricle

A

Anterior, superior, and lateral

80
Q

In the LBB. The left posterior fascicle runs through the _____, _____ and _____ portion of the left ventricle

A

Posterior, inferior and medial

81
Q

In contrast to RBBB’s and LBBB’s, LAFB and LPFB do not result in _

A

Significant widening of the QRS

[ because rapidly conducting purkinje fibers bridge the territories served by the anterior and posteriro fascicles]

82
Q

What recordings are most useful for evaluating LPFB and LAFB

A

The recordins in the limb leads

83
Q

What kind of axis deviation is there in Left Posterior Fascicular Blocks?

A

Right axis deviation

84
Q

What kind of axis deviation is there typically in left anterior fascicular block ?

A

Left axis deviation

85
Q

Pathological Q waves have what width in duration and depth ?

A

Width greater than or equal to 1 small box

Depth > 25% total height in QRS complex

86
Q

Pathologic Q waves develop in leads

A

Overlying infarcted tissue

87
Q

In posterior wall MI , you will get taller than normal ____- in leads V1 and V2

A

R waves

88
Q

What can be seen in STEMI which indicates that the area of infarction is much larger ?

A

Reciprocal depression opposite the ST elevation

89
Q

What can be seen as a normal ekg finding when using the drug digoxin?

A

ST scooped depression.

Mild PR prolongation

90
Q

Ekg finding associated with hyperkalemia?

A

Peaked T wave

91
Q

Findings on EKG in severe hyperkalemia

A

Flattened P

Widened QRS

92
Q

Finding on EKG in hypokalemia

A

ST depression, flattened T

Prominent U wave

93
Q

Calcium affects ___ on EKG

A

QT interval

94
Q

Hypercalcemia EKG finding?

A

Shortened QT interval

95
Q

Hypocalcemia EKG finding?

A

Prolonged QT interval

96
Q

Pathologic sinus bradycardia can result from ?

A

Aging, ischemia, cardiomyopathy

Medications (beta blockers, Ca channel blockers)

Metabolic causes (hypothyroid

97
Q

A pronounced reduction of the heart rate can produce a fall in cardiac output with :

A

Fatigue
Light headedness
Confusion
Syncope

98
Q

In Escape rhythms, no ____ waves are evident because impulse originates below the atria

A

P waves

99
Q

Escape rhythm with widened QRS complex

A

Ventricular escape rhythm

100
Q

PR interval lengthened (greater than 0.2 seconds)

Generally benign, asymptomatic condition

A

First degree AV block

101
Q

Prolonged electrical inactivity

A

Asystole

Structure And Function III (24 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions