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Structure And Function III > Aldridge - Development Of Heart > Flashcards

Aldridge - Development Of Heart Flashcards

1
Q

Early development of heart begins day 18 in cardiogenic ____________

A

Splanchnic mesoderm

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2
Q

Paired endocardial heart tubes form from ________ in cardiogenic area

A

Splanchnic mesoderm

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3
Q

Paired endocardial heart tubes are brought together due to ________ and fuse in midline to form a single heart tube which forms the definitive endocardium.

A

Lateral folding`

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4
Q

_________ surroundin the heart tub will form myocardium

A

Splanchnic mesoderm

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5
Q

Aortic arches originate from the rostral end of _________

A

Truncus arteriosus

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6
Q

Sinus venosus receives blood from the

A

Paired umbilical veins
Paired vitelline veins
Paired common cardinal veins

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7
Q

_______ supply pharyngeal arches w/ blood

A

Aortic arches

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8
Q

Future central tendon of diaphragm

A

Septum transversum

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9
Q

Fixation of the ends of the heart tube causes the rapidly elongating heart tube to fold ____ and to the _______

A

Ventrally and to the right

So atrium and sinus venosus lie dorsal to the primitive ventricle and bulbis cordis

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10
Q

The dorsal and ventral endocardial cushions fuse together to form the fused endocardial cushions, which divides the atrioventricular canal into ___- and _____ AV canals

A

Right and left

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11
Q

The opening between the lower edge of the septum secundum and the upper edge of the lower part of the septum primum

Is a passageway for oxygenated blood from the placenta entering the right atrium to be shunted to left atrium

Provides shunt for much of O2’d blood to go directly into the arterial system of the fetus and by pass the nonfunctional developing lungs

A

Foramen ovale

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12
Q

After birth, the foramen ovale is functionally closed to form the fossa ovalis by ?

A

Decrease in right atrial pressure due to the shut down of the placental venous return

The increase in left atrial pressure due to greater amount of pulm venous blood returning to the heart

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13
Q

The floor of the fossa ovalis is formed by the ?

A

Lower part of the septum primum

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14
Q

The limbus (anulus, rim) of the fossa ovalis is formed by the

A

Lower border of the septum secundum

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15
Q

The part of the atrium with rough walls (musculi pectinate) is formed by the ?

A

Primitive atrium

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16
Q

The part of the atrium that is smooth walled, is formed from the ?

A

Sinus venosus

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17
Q

The right horn of the sinus venosus is incorporated into the

A

Definitive right atrium ( forms smooth walled part [sinus venarum])

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18
Q

The left horn of the sinus venous forms the ?

A

Coronary sinus

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19
Q

The _________ is incorporated into the definitive left atrium to form its smooth part

A

Pulmonary vein

20
Q

The primitive left ventricle forms only the _______

A

Definitive left auricle

21
Q

Pairs of bulbar ridges and truncal ridges grow longitudinally down the bulbus cordis and truncus arteriosus. These ridges are formed by ___________

A

Neural crest cells

22
Q

The bulbar and truncal ridges fuse to form the _________

A

Aorticopulmonary septum

Divides bulbus cordis and truncus arteriosus into ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk

23
Q

Forms in the midline of the floor of the ventricle and grows towards the atrioventricular septum

A

Muscular ventricular septuum

24
Q

Located between the atrioventricular septum and the free edge of the muscular ventricular septum

A

Interventricular foramen

25
Q

Closes the interventricular foramen

Formed by the fusion of the atrioventricular septum, left bulbar ridge, and right bulbar ridge (of bulbus cordis)

A

Membranous ventricular septum

26
Q

Components of the definitive right ventricle :

A. The trabeculated part formed from the ________

B. The smooth upper part, the conus arteriosus, is formed from the ____________

A

Primitive ventricle

Bulbus cordis

27
Q

Components of the definitive left ventricle

A. The trabeculated part, formed from the ______

B. The smooth upper part; (aortic vestibule), is derived from the bulbus cordis.

A

Primitive ventricle

28
Q

Large opening between the right and left atria

Results from excessive resorption of the septum primum, or insufficient development of septum secundum

Most common and clinically important ASD

Blood flows from left atrium to right atrium due to higher BP in left atrium postnatally

A

Foramen secundum defect

29
Q

Type of ASD

Found in 25% of population

Not pathological (no blood shunting)

Is an incomplete anatomical fusion of septum primum and septum secundum

A

Probe-patent foramen ovale

30
Q

ASD

Total absence of development of atrial septum

A

Common atrium

31
Q

Conotruncal abnormalities associated with failure of neural crest cells to migrate

A

Transposition of great vessels

Tetralogy of Fallot

Persistent truncus arteriosus

32
Q

ASD

Foramen ovale closed prenatally

Results in hypertrophy of right side of heart and underdevelopment of the left side of the heart

A

Premature closure of the foramen ovale

33
Q

Defect of endocardial cushions;

Failure of endocardial cushions to fuse; defects in atrial and ventricular septum resulting in single atrioventricular orific

A

Persistent atrioventricular canal

34
Q

Defect in endocardial cushion

Partial fusion in endocardial cushion resulting in a gap in the inferior part of the atrial septum.

Ventricular septum intact.

Endocardial cushions partially fuse to form membranous part of interventricular septum, but do not fuse enough to join septum primum

A

Foramen primum defect

35
Q

Overall most common form of congenital cardiac abnormality

A

Ventricular septum defect

These usually occur in the membranous part

36
Q

Most common VSD, results from the failure of proper fusion of the three structures that form the membranous interventricular septum. Blood flows from Left ventricle to right ventricle.

A

Membranous interventricular septal defect

37
Q

The “5 T’s of early cyanosis”

Right to left shunts

A

Truncus arteriosus

Transposition of great vessles

Tricuspid atresia

Tetralogy of fallot

TAPVR

38
Q

Abnormal divisions of the truncus arteriosus is due to ?

A

Abnormal migration of neural crest cells into bulbar and truncal ridges

39
Q

Aorta originates from right ventricle and pulm A originates from Lt ventricle

Failure of aorticopulmonary septum to spiral w/in the bulbus cordis and truncus arteriosus

Assoc’d w/ ASD, patent ductus arteriosus, and VSD

Infanct will present w/ marked cyanosis which is fatal unless surgical reparation

A

Transposition of the Great Arteries

40
Q

Failure to develop bulbar and truncal ridges

Presents as single artery giving rise to both pulm trunk and ascending arota

Usually accompanied w/ defect in interventricular septum (nobulbar ridge to fuse w/ atrioventricular septum)

Marked cyanosis

A

Persistent truncus arteriosus

41
Q

Absence of tricuspid valve and hypoplastic right ventricle.

Requires both ASD and VSD for viability

Cyanosis

A

Tricuspid atresia

42
Q

Abnormal neural crest cell migration into truncal ridges

Aorticopulmonary septum skewed to one side of truncus arteriosus

Enlargement of either ascending aorta or pulmonary trunk w/ reduction in other vessel

Skewed Aorticopulmonary septum does not align w/ interventricular septum, resulting in ASD.

Can have pulmonary atresia

A

Unequal division of the truncus arteriosus

43
Q

Interventricular septal defect

Hypertrophy of right ventricle

Over-riding aorta; large aorta overrides interventricular septal defect

Pulmonary stenosis

Due to unequal division of bulbus cordis.

Marked cyanosis

A

Tetralogy of Fallot

44
Q

Heart located on the right side of thorax

Due to ventricles and bulbus cordis bending to the wrong side

Relatively uncommon

A

Dextrocardia

45
Q

Dextrocardia with the inversion of other viscera

A

Dextrocardia with situs inversus

Structure And Function III (24 decks)

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