Aldridge - Mediastinum And Embryology

Question 1

Contents of anterior mediastinum

Answer 1

Thymus

Fibrous pericardium

Question 2

Motor innervation to diaphragm

Sensory innervation to mediastinal pleura, pericardium, pleura, and peritoneum covering of central region. Of diaphragm

Formed from ventral rami of C3, C4, C5

Answer 2

Phrenic nerve

Question 3

Phrenic nerve runs ____ to scalenus anterior

Answer 3

Anterior

Question 4

Serous pericardium is derived from ?

Answer 4

Coelomic membrane

Question 5

A finger placed in the transverse pericardial sinus separates ______ from —___-

Answer 5

Arteries from veins, with veins inferior

Question 6

Excess fluid in the pericardial sac

Answer 6

Pericardial effusion

Question 7

Compression of the heart due to rapid accumulation of excess fluid

Answer 7

Cardiac tamponade

Question 8

Removal of fluid with a needle inserted into the pericardial sac

Answer 8

Pericardiocentesis

Question 9

2 approaches for pericardiocentesis

Answer 9

Subxyphoid approach

Parasternal approach

Question 10

Superior border of mediastinum

Answer 10

Formed by thoracic inlet

T1 vertebra, rib 1, and superior border of manubrium

Question 11

Thoracic inlet

Answer 11

T1 vertebra

Rib 1

Superior border of manubrium (suprasternal notch)

Question 12

Inferior border of mediastinum

Answer 12

Formed by thoracic outlet

T12 vert, diaphragm, xiphoid process of vertebrae

Question 13

Boundaries of thoracic outlet

Answer 13

Diaphragm, T12 vertebrae and xiphoid process of sternum

Question 14

Lateral borders of mediastinum

Answer 14

Formed by mediastinal parietal pleura

Question 15

Superior mediastinum

Answer 15

Above horizontal plane that passes thru sternal angle and intervertebral disk t4/t5

Between manubrium and t1 thru t4

Question 16

Inferior mediastinum

Answer 16

Below the sternal angle

Between body and xiphoid of sternum and lower 8 thoracic vertebra.

Divided into anterior (between pericardium and sternum), middle (contains heart) and posterior, contains tubular structures

Question 17

Branch of internal thoracic artery

Courses with phrenic N to supply pericardium and diaphragm

Answer 17

Pericardiacophrenic artery

Question 18

Pierced with inferior vena cava.
Fused w/ central tendon of diaphragm

Respiratory movements affect

Answer 18

Base of fibrous pericardium

Question 19

Pierced by ascending aorta, superior vena cava, and pulmonary trunk

Answer 19

Apex of fibrous pericardium

Question 20

What are the attachments of the fibrous pericardium?

Answer 20

Sup and post: blends w tunica adventitia of great vessels

Inferiorly blends w central tendon of diaphragm

Anteriorly - tethered to sternum by sternopericardial ligaments

Question 21

Parasternal paracentesis, needle insert in to

Answer 21

4th or 5th intercostal space

Question 22

Fibrous pericardium is derived from?

Answer 22

Body wall mesoderm of lateral plate

Question 23

The right superior border of the pericardium goes to ?

Answer 23

The 2nd intercostal space

The heart goes to the 3rd intercostal space on that side

Question 24

Composed of two layers; parietal and visceral.

Forms coelomic lining of pericardial cavity

Answer 24

Serous pericardium

Question 25

For auscultation, the superior lobe of the lung is located mostly _____ and the inferior lobe of the lung is located mostly _______

Answer 25

Anteriorly

Posteriorly