Blood Vessels

Question 1

Found in some cardiac muscle fibes in atria. Released in response to atrial distention. Decreases BP by inhibiting release of. Renin via kidneys and aldosterone from adrenal cortex, iducing kidneys to lose more water

Answer 1

Atrial natriuretic hormone

Question 2

Three types of capillaries

Answer 2

Continuous
Fenestrated
Sinusoidal

Question 3

Most common type of capillary
Endothelium forms solid lining
Found in most organs

Answer 3

Continuous

Question 4

Type of capillary
Contains pores in endothelium

Found in: endocrine glands, small intestines, and kidney glomeruli

Answer 4

Fenestrated capillaries

Question 5

Type of capillary; wide diameters w/ wide gaps between endothelial cells

Basement membrane is incomplete or absent

Found in liver, spleen, bone marrow

Answer 5

Sinusoidal caillaries

Question 6

Vasoconstriction and vasodilation are controlled by ________ axons of the sympathetic nervous system

Answer 6

Unmyelinated

Question 7

Primary resistance vessels that regulate arterial blood pressure and blood flow within organs

Answer 7

Arterioles

Question 8

Blood vessels.
No smooth muscle
Greatest cross sectional area

Answer 8

Capillaries

Question 9

Most of the blood volume is found and the regional blood volume is regulated in teh

Answer 9

Veins and venules

Question 10

The velocity of blood flow is _____________ to vascular cross-sectional area of the blood vessels

Answer 10

Inversely proportional

Question 11

Blood flow through a blood vessel is determined by two factors:

Answer 11

Pressure difference (of blood between the two ends of the vessel (pressure gradient)

Resistance (vessel to flow)

Question 12

Three factors that determine the resistance to blood flow within a single vessel

Answer 12

Vessel length

Blood viscosity

Radius of vessel

Question 13

Equation that describes how flow is related to perfusion pressure, radius, length, and viscosity

Answer 13

Poiseuille’s equation

Question 14

The viscosity of blood _____ as hematocrit increases

Answer 14

Increases

Question 15

Anemia -____- viscosity

Answer 15

Decreases

Question 16

Decreasing blood temperature _______ viscosity by about 2% per degree centrigrade

Answer 16

Increases

Question 17

The greater the viscosity, the _____ the flow in a vessel if all other factors are kept constant

Answer 17

Less

Question 18

Blood normally flows thru all vessels in cardiovascular system in an orderly streamlined manner called

Answer 18

Laminar flow

Question 19

Blood flow which the fluid moves irregularly in axial, radial, and circumferential directions.

Under conditions where reynolds number is greater than 2000

Answer 19

Turbulent flow

Question 20

When reynold’s number is greater than 2000 you have

Answer 20

Turbulent flow

Question 21

Sound from turbulence in the heart

Answer 21

Murmurs

Question 22

Sound from turbulence in a vessel

Answer 22

Bruits

Question 23

Reynold’s number =

Answer 23

V x. D x P
/
N

N(viscosity)
(P - blood density)
[d - diameter
{v - mean velocity of blood flow}

Question 24

When blood vessels are arranged in a series, the total resistance is equal to?

Answer 24

The summed resistance of all vessels

Question 25

Parallel vessels greatly ____ resistance

Answer 25

Reduce

Question 26

Blood vessels arranged in parallel, the recipirocal of the total resistance is equal to

Answer 26

The sum of the reciprocals of the individual resistancees

Question 27

Why do capillaries have reduces resistances as a group?

Answer 27

Although they have small diameter, the fact that they are parallel greatly reduces the overall resistance

Question 28

Does the arterial system or venous system have a higher compliance?

Answer 28

The venous system

Question 29

Normal blood quantity in arterial system in adults

Answer 29

About 700mL

Question 30

Normal blood volume in venous system in adults

Answer 30

2000 to 3500mL

High compliance in venous system

Question 31

The dicrotic notch in the arterial pressure curve is produced when

Answer 31

The aortic valve closes

Question 32

What is an approximation of mean arterial pressure

Answer 32

MAP = P(diastolic) + 1/3(P[syst] - P[diast])

Question 33

The average of the arterial pressures throughout the cardiac cycle measured millisecond by millisecond over a period of time

Answer 33

Mean arterial pressure

Question 34

The resistance to blood flow offered by all of the systemic vasculature, excluding the pulmonary vasculature

Answer 34

Total peripheral resistance (TPR)

Aka

Systemic vascular resistance (SVR)

Question 35

The blood pressure in the thoracic vena cava near the right atrium

Answer 35

Central Venous Pressure (approximately 0)

Question 36

The change in arterial pressure that occurs when a stroke volume is ejected from the left ventricle into the aorta

Answer 36

Arterial pulse pressure

Question 37

Pulse pressure will change if _______ or _________ changes

Answer 37

Stroke volume

Compliance of the arteries

Question 38

Due to increase in arterial stiffness, a 70 year old will have a _____ pulse pressure for a give stroke volume than a 20-year-old

Answer 38

Arterial pulse pressure

Question 39

Factors that increase venous return are:

Answer 39

Increased blood volume

Decreased compliance

Dilation of the arterioles selectively, which decreases periph resistance and allows rapid flow of blood from arteries to veins

Question 40

In standing position, pressure …

Answer 40

Increases in all vessels below heart and falls in all vessels above heart

Question 41

In veins, valves and ____ work together to squeeze blood back towards the heart

Answer 41

Skeletal muscle

Question 42

When vein’s valves become incompetent, ______ becomes ineffective

Answer 42

Skeletal muscle pumping

Question 43

______ facilitates venous return and leads to an increase in atrial and ventricular periods

Answer 43

Inspiration

Question 44

Net effect of respiration ______ venous return and cardiac output

Answer 44

Increases