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Structure And Function III > Aldridge - Heart And Development Of Heart > Flashcards

Aldridge - Heart And Development Of Heart Flashcards

1
Q

Valves of heart in diastole

A

Right and left atria contract together

Right and left ventricles relax

Aortic and pulmonary valves close

Mitral and tricuspid valves open

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2
Q

Valves of heart in systole

A

Right and left atria relax

Right and left ventricles contract

Aortic and pulmonary valves open

Mitral and tricuspid valves closed

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3
Q

A muscular appendage on the left atrium that collects oxygenated blood as it leaves the lungs and directs it to the left ventricle

A

Left auricle

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4
Q

Occlusive blockage of the left coronary artery will result in?

A

Ischemia of the interventricular septum

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5
Q

Angioplasty:

A

A balloon catheter is inserted into the ascending aorta and then into the occluded coronary artery.
Balloon is expanded using dilute contrast media

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6
Q

Surface of the heart, mostly formed by right ventricle and slightly by right atrium?

A

Anterior (sternocostal) surface

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7
Q

Surface of the heart, formed by right and left ventricles

A

Inferior (diaphragmatic) surface

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8
Q

Surface of the heart, formed mostly by the left atrium

A

Posterior (base) surface

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9
Q

Divides the right atrium into two divisions

A

Crista terminalis

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10
Q

Muscular walls forming small criss-crossing ridges located in the anterior part of the right atrium

A

Musculi pectinate

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11
Q

Smooth walled, receives the superior and inferior vena cava and the coronary sinus

A

Posterior part of right atrium

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12
Q

Oval depression in the posterior wall of the right atrium which is where the foramen ovale was before birth

A

Fossa ovalis

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13
Q

At birth, the foramen ovale is closed by joining of the two atrial septa to form the fossa ovalis. If this does not close properly, it is called _____

A

Atrial septal defect (ASD)

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14
Q

The superior, cone shaped part of the ventricle. Located inferior to the orifice of the pulmonary trunk

A

Conus arteriosus

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15
Q

A ring of fibrous tissue surrounding the orifice and serves as attachment sites of valve cusps of the tricuspid valve

A

Anulus fibosis

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16
Q

Attach the free margins and ventricular surface of each cusp (of tricuspid ) to a conical muscular projection (papillary muscle) on ventricular walls

A

Chordae tendinae

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17
Q

Pulmonic valvular incompetence:

A

Valve doesn’t close properly
Due to thickened and inflexible free margins of cusps

Results in backflow of blood into the right ventricle from pulm trunk

Can be heard as a heart murmur

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18
Q

Narrowing of pulmonary orifice due to fusion of the free margins of the cusps by a disease process

Results in right ventricular hypertrophy since right ventricle must work harder to pump blood to lungs

A

Pulmonary stenosis

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19
Q

Mostly smooth walled, except for auricle on this side which contains pectinate muscles

Contains openings for the 4 pulmonary veins
Forms most of the posterior side of the heart

Has a valve of the foramen ovale

A

Left atrium

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20
Q

Located at the upper part of septum and inferior to the right and posterior cusps of aortic valve

Site of congenital ventricular septal defects (VSD)

A

Membranous part of the interventricular septum

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21
Q

At the left atrioventricular orifice

Two papillary muscles attached by chordae tendinae to adjacent halves of each cusp

Cusps are commonly affected by calcium deposits in rheumatic fever which can be heard as an audible heart murmur

A

Bicuspid valve

22
Q

Lead from the right and left aortic sinuses, respectively

Located in wall of the ascending aorta

A

Openings to the right and left coronary arteries

23
Q

During ventricular relaxation (diastole), blood in ascending aorta flows back towards left ventricle due to gravity and elastic recoil of aortic walls. Aortic sinuses fill with blood, the 3 cusps close, and blood enters ___

A

The openings to the coronary arteries

24
Q

Arises from opening to right aortic sinus

Descends in atrioventricular sulcus on anterior surface and continues with it to the posterior surface.

Supplies mostly right side of heart, sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes and post 1/3 of interventricular septum

A

Right coronary artery

25
Q

Branch of right coronary artery that supplies the sinu-atrial node

A

Sinu-atrial nodal branch

26
Q

Branch of right coronary artery that passes along inferior right ventricular margin towards apex

A

Marginal artery

27
Q

Branch of right coronary artery -supplies AV node and atrioventricular bundles (part of conduction system from AV node to ventricles).

A

AV nodal artery

28
Q

Branch of right coronary artery -is located in sulcus of the same name. -supplies right and left ventricles and posterior 1/3rd of interventricular septum. -can anastomose with anterior interventricular branch of left coronary.

A

Posterior interventricular branch

29
Q

Supplies mostly left side of heart, anterior 2/3 of interventricular septum and atrioventricular bundles

Passes ant between pulm trunk and left auricle to course into atrioventricular sulcus and divides

A

Left coronary artery

30
Q

Coronary artery dominance relates to

A

The source of the posterior interrventricular artery, (from either the right or left coronary arteries)

31
Q

Branch of left coronary artery -runs inferiorly in the anterior interventricular sulcus towards the apex and can continue into the posterior interventricular sulcus. -may anastomose with the posterior interventricular branch of the right coronary artery within the posterior interventricular sulcus. -supplies both ventricles and anterior 2/3rd’s of interventricular septum.

A

Left anterior descending (LAD)

Aka (anterior interventricular branch)

32
Q

Branch of left coronary artery -courses posteriorly in the atrioventricular sulcus between left atrium and left ventricle. -can anastomose with the termination of the right coronary artery on the posterior side of the heart. -supplies left side of heart.

A

Circumflex branch

33
Q

Branches of left coronary artery

A

Circumflex branch

Left anterior descending branch

34
Q

Branches of right coronary artery

A

Sinu-atrial nodal branch

Marginal branch

Atrio-ventricular nodal artery

Posterior interventricular branch

35
Q

Does left dominant heart have collateral circulation to the septum?

A

No

Therefore, decreased chance of survival from blockage in left dominant heart

36
Q

Large vein in posterior part of atrioventricular sulcus
Receives most of the blood of the heart via tributaries

Opens into right atrium superior to opening of inferior vena cava

Rudimentary valve present at opening

A

Coronary sinus

37
Q

Inner epithelial lining of the heart

A

Endocardium

38
Q

The five dilatations of the heart tube are?

A

Rostral to caudal

  1. Truncus arteriosus
  2. Bulbus cordis
  3. Primitive ventricle
  4. Primitive atrium
  5. Sinus venosus
39
Q

The sinus venosus receives blood from the

A

Paired umbilical veins
(blood from placenta

Paired vitelline veins(blood from yolk sac(future gut))

Paired common cardinal veins (blood from remainder of embryo)

40
Q

Originate from the rostral end of the truncus arteriosus

Supply pharyngeal arches w/ blood

A

Aortic arches

41
Q

The fusion of the dorsal and ventral endocardial cushions creates the

A

Atrioventricular septum

42
Q

Located in the wall of the right atrium in the superior part of the crista terminalis. Pacemaker function

A

Sinuatrial node

43
Q

Located in the inferior part of the interatrial septum (on the right atrial side.
Superior to the orifice of the coronarysinus.
Receives wave of impulse from atrial musclees.
Sends electrical impulse thru bundles to ventricle

A

Atrioventricular node

44
Q

Attaches to anterior wall of right ventricle at base of anterior papillary muscle

A

Moderator band

45
Q

Descends along right side of interventricular septal wall.

Courses to ant wall of rt ventricle via special trabeculae carnae called the moderator band

A

Right AV bundle

46
Q

runs down the left side of the interventricular septum to supply this ventricle and
papillary muscles

A

Left av bundle

47
Q

Decreases heart rate and force of beat. Constricts coronary artery. Parasympathetic nerve of ANS

A

Vagus nerve

48
Q

Sympathetic nerves do what to coronary arteries

A

Dilate

49
Q

Sympathetic nerves do what to heart rate and force of beat

A

Increases both

50
Q

Pain fibers of heart are sensitive to ?

A

Metabolic products resulting from ischemia in myocardian (heart is not sensitive to touch and temperature)

51
Q

Referred pain from cardiac pain can be felt in what dermatomes?

A

T1 - T4

Structure And Function III (24 decks)

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