Aldridge - Heart And Development Of Heart Flashcards
Valves of heart in diastole
Right and left atria contract together
Right and left ventricles relax
Aortic and pulmonary valves close
Mitral and tricuspid valves open
Valves of heart in systole
Right and left atria relax
Right and left ventricles contract
Aortic and pulmonary valves open
Mitral and tricuspid valves closed
A muscular appendage on the left atrium that collects oxygenated blood as it leaves the lungs and directs it to the left ventricle
Left auricle
Occlusive blockage of the left coronary artery will result in?
Ischemia of the interventricular septum
Angioplasty:
A balloon catheter is inserted into the ascending aorta and then into the occluded coronary artery.
Balloon is expanded using dilute contrast media
Surface of the heart, mostly formed by right ventricle and slightly by right atrium?
Anterior (sternocostal) surface
Surface of the heart, formed by right and left ventricles
Inferior (diaphragmatic) surface
Surface of the heart, formed mostly by the left atrium
Posterior (base) surface
Divides the right atrium into two divisions
Crista terminalis
Muscular walls forming small criss-crossing ridges located in the anterior part of the right atrium
Musculi pectinate
Smooth walled, receives the superior and inferior vena cava and the coronary sinus
Posterior part of right atrium
Oval depression in the posterior wall of the right atrium which is where the foramen ovale was before birth
Fossa ovalis
At birth, the foramen ovale is closed by joining of the two atrial septa to form the fossa ovalis. If this does not close properly, it is called _____
Atrial septal defect (ASD)
The superior, cone shaped part of the ventricle. Located inferior to the orifice of the pulmonary trunk
Conus arteriosus
A ring of fibrous tissue surrounding the orifice and serves as attachment sites of valve cusps of the tricuspid valve
Anulus fibosis
Attach the free margins and ventricular surface of each cusp (of tricuspid ) to a conical muscular projection (papillary muscle) on ventricular walls
Chordae tendinae
Pulmonic valvular incompetence:
Valve doesn’t close properly
Due to thickened and inflexible free margins of cusps
Results in backflow of blood into the right ventricle from pulm trunk
Can be heard as a heart murmur
Narrowing of pulmonary orifice due to fusion of the free margins of the cusps by a disease process
Results in right ventricular hypertrophy since right ventricle must work harder to pump blood to lungs
Pulmonary stenosis
Mostly smooth walled, except for auricle on this side which contains pectinate muscles
Contains openings for the 4 pulmonary veins
Forms most of the posterior side of the heart
Has a valve of the foramen ovale
Left atrium
Located at the upper part of septum and inferior to the right and posterior cusps of aortic valve
Site of congenital ventricular septal defects (VSD)
Membranous part of the interventricular septum
At the left atrioventricular orifice
Two papillary muscles attached by chordae tendinae to adjacent halves of each cusp
Cusps are commonly affected by calcium deposits in rheumatic fever which can be heard as an audible heart murmur
Bicuspid valve
Lead from the right and left aortic sinuses, respectively
Located in wall of the ascending aorta
Openings to the right and left coronary arteries
During ventricular relaxation (diastole), blood in ascending aorta flows back towards left ventricle due to gravity and elastic recoil of aortic walls. Aortic sinuses fill with blood, the 3 cusps close, and blood enters ___
The openings to the coronary arteries
Arises from opening to right aortic sinus
Descends in atrioventricular sulcus on anterior surface and continues with it to the posterior surface.
Supplies mostly right side of heart, sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes and post 1/3 of interventricular septum
Right coronary artery
Branch of right coronary artery that supplies the sinu-atrial node
Sinu-atrial nodal branch
Branch of right coronary artery that passes along inferior right ventricular margin towards apex
Marginal artery
Branch of right coronary artery -supplies AV node and atrioventricular bundles (part of conduction system from AV node to ventricles).
AV nodal artery
Branch of right coronary artery -is located in sulcus of the same name. -supplies right and left ventricles and posterior 1/3rd of interventricular septum. -can anastomose with anterior interventricular branch of left coronary.
Posterior interventricular branch
Supplies mostly left side of heart, anterior 2/3 of interventricular septum and atrioventricular bundles
Passes ant between pulm trunk and left auricle to course into atrioventricular sulcus and divides
Left coronary artery
Coronary artery dominance relates to
The source of the posterior interrventricular artery, (from either the right or left coronary arteries)
Branch of left coronary artery -runs inferiorly in the anterior interventricular sulcus towards the apex and can continue into the posterior interventricular sulcus. -may anastomose with the posterior interventricular branch of the right coronary artery within the posterior interventricular sulcus. -supplies both ventricles and anterior 2/3rd’s of interventricular septum.
Left anterior descending (LAD)
Aka (anterior interventricular branch)
Branch of left coronary artery -courses posteriorly in the atrioventricular sulcus between left atrium and left ventricle. -can anastomose with the termination of the right coronary artery on the posterior side of the heart. -supplies left side of heart.
Circumflex branch
Branches of left coronary artery
Circumflex branch
Left anterior descending branch
Branches of right coronary artery
Sinu-atrial nodal branch
Marginal branch
Atrio-ventricular nodal artery
Posterior interventricular branch
Does left dominant heart have collateral circulation to the septum?
No
Therefore, decreased chance of survival from blockage in left dominant heart
Large vein in posterior part of atrioventricular sulcus
Receives most of the blood of the heart via tributaries
Opens into right atrium superior to opening of inferior vena cava
Rudimentary valve present at opening
Coronary sinus
Inner epithelial lining of the heart
Endocardium
The five dilatations of the heart tube are?
Rostral to caudal
- Truncus arteriosus
- Bulbus cordis
- Primitive ventricle
- Primitive atrium
- Sinus venosus
The sinus venosus receives blood from the
Paired umbilical veins
(blood from placenta
Paired vitelline veins(blood from yolk sac(future gut))
Paired common cardinal veins (blood from remainder of embryo)
Originate from the rostral end of the truncus arteriosus
Supply pharyngeal arches w/ blood
Aortic arches
The fusion of the dorsal and ventral endocardial cushions creates the
Atrioventricular septum
Located in the wall of the right atrium in the superior part of the crista terminalis. Pacemaker function
Sinuatrial node
Located in the inferior part of the interatrial septum (on the right atrial side.
Superior to the orifice of the coronarysinus.
Receives wave of impulse from atrial musclees.
Sends electrical impulse thru bundles to ventricle
Atrioventricular node
Attaches to anterior wall of right ventricle at base of anterior papillary muscle
Moderator band
Descends along right side of interventricular septal wall.
Courses to ant wall of rt ventricle via special trabeculae carnae called the moderator band
Right AV bundle
runs down the left side of the interventricular septum to supply this ventricle and
papillary muscles
Left av bundle
Decreases heart rate and force of beat. Constricts coronary artery. Parasympathetic nerve of ANS
Vagus nerve
Sympathetic nerves do what to coronary arteries
Dilate
Sympathetic nerves do what to heart rate and force of beat
Increases both
Pain fibers of heart are sensitive to ?
Metabolic products resulting from ischemia in myocardian (heart is not sensitive to touch and temperature)
Referred pain from cardiac pain can be felt in what dermatomes?
T1 - T4
