kidneys Flashcards
what are you looking for on general inspection
pain discomfort muscle wasting cachexia cushings confusion bruises scratch marks flu like symptoms
why might someone with kidney disease have scratch marks
uraemic prutitis
what should you look for around the bed
dialysis machine
fluid charts
what should you look for in the hands
tremour leukonychia koilinichia pulse arteriovenous fistula bruising blood pressure skin lessions blood glucose pricks
what do you look for in the head and neck
yellow tinge
butterfly rash
hearing aid
collapsed nasal bridge
periorbital oedema
conjunctival pallor
corneal arcus
xanthalasma
gingival hypertrophy
JVP (fluid overload)
what should you look for on the chest
spider naevi (5 significant) gynaecomastia sternotomy skin turgor heart sounds skin lesions central line scars
what should you look for on inspection of the abdomen
distension
scars
fat hypertrophy
peritoneal dialysis scar
what should you look for on palpation
crouch by bed
what can tenderness suggest
rejection
how do you ballot kidneys
ask patient to expire and press into renal angle
ask patient to breath in
flick flick stop
palpable = ckd
what should you do for percussion
flank should be resonant
what should you look for in legs
peripheral oedema
why might someone with kidney disease have fluid overload
nephrotic syndrome
renal graft dysfunction
what are the main causes of end stage renal failure
diabetes
hypertension
glomerulonephritis
pkd
how can you see if a graft is functioning well
marks in fistula fluid retention pain anaemia uraemia
