keyterms1 Flashcards
1
Q
acalculia
A
inability to calucalate
2
Q
accommondation
A
modifying existing cog structure to adjust to reality demands
3
Q
acetylcholine (Ach)
A
most common, related to voluntary movement, memory & cog (low for Azh, hi for PD)
4
Q
acoustic
A
pitch, tone, and volume
5
Q
Activity theory
A
old age is fulfilling when remains active
6
Q
Actor-observer effect
A
attributions of neg events - personality factors for others, situational factors for self
7
Q
Adam’s Equity Theory
A
compares ratio of input/output outcomes with others
8
Q
Additive tasks
A
individual performances are added to a combined effect
9
Q
Adverse impact
A
% of minorities selected >= 80% of non-minorities selected
10
Q
adversive counterconditioning
A
pairing a adversive stimulus with a mal beh
11
Q
agnosia
A
inability to recognize objects
12
Q
agonist
A
enhances effect
13
Q
agranulocytosis
A
granulocyte sudden drop -> sore throat, high fever
14
Q
agraphia
A
inability to write
15
Q
Ainsworth’s attachment patterns
A
secure, avoidant, ambivalent, disorganized-disoriented
16
Q
akathisia
A
dysphoria, feeling of jitters, fidgeting, inner restlessness, pacing (antipsychotic side effect)
17
Q
akinesia
A
slowness of movement, masklike facial expression, emotionless (antipsychotic side effect; PD)
18
Q
Alderger’s ERG Theory
A
3 needs: existence, relatedness, growth
19
Q
alexia
A
inability to read
20
Q
Alloplastic
A
trying to change or blame the external environment
21
Q
alogia
A
speachless
22
Q
alpha waves
A
relaxed, doze off
23
Q
amino acids
A
GABA, Glycine, & Glutamate
24
Q
amnesia
A
memory loss only
25
amygdala
emotions; removal - Kluver Bucy Syndrome; mediates anger & fear
26
anhedonia
inability to experience pleasurable sensations
27
anosagnosia
unaware of disability
28
antagonist
inhibits effect
29
anterograde amnesia
can't form new memory
30
anticholinergic
drying out & holding in symptoms
31
anticonvulsants
antiepileptic drugs
32
aphasia
language disorder
33
apnea
sleep related breathing problem
34
apraxia
inability to carry out motor movements
35
Arbitration
third party acts as judge
36
assimilation
incorporating new info into existing cog structures
37
ataxia
incoordination; slurred speech, severe tremors, loss of balance
38
Authoritarian parenting
controlling and require unquestioned obedience
39
Authoritative parenting
firm, fair, and reasonable
40
autokinetic effect
moving light experiment, conforming to group norm
41
autokinetic effect
optical illusion whereby a light appears to move
42
Autoplastic
trying to change oneself or blaming oneself
43
avolition
lack of motivation
44
axon
transmits info
45
babinski reflex
spreading toes and twisting foot
46
backward conditioning
US presented before CS; not as effective in producing CR
47
Balance Theory
attitude change when two people have attitudes toward that same object
48
Barnum effect
someone finds personal meaning in a statement that could apply to anyone
49
BARS
Beh Anchored Rating Scales, based on critical incidents
50
basal ganglia
PD, Tourette Syndrome, Autism, OCD
51
base rate
rate of successful hiring without a given selection procedure
52
Baumrind's Parenting Patterns
authoritarian, permissive (indifferent/indulgent), authoritative
53
Behavioral Confirmation
people are motivated to confirm expectations others have on them, but not negative
54
behavioral contrast effect
2 beh reinforced, after one extinguished, the remaining will increase
55
belligerence
a hostile attitude
56
Berry's acculturation theory
assimilation, separtation, integration, marginalization
57
beta waves
alert & attentive
58
Big five
Openness to experience, conscientiouness, extroversion, agreeableness, neuroticism
59
Biographical Inventory (BIB)
applicants life in detail and corr with (un)desirable work beh
60
BOS
Beh Observation Scale, extent engages in every beh
61
brain stem
pons, medulla, reticular activating systems (RAS)
62
Bronfenbrenner' ecological model
microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, and macrosystem
63
Brown vs. Board of Education
Equal educational opportunities
64
Buckly admendment
federal law giving student over 18 and their parents the right to access school records
65
Cannon-Bard Theory
emtoions and bodily reactions occur at the same time
66
CAPP vs. Rank
Hospital privileges for psychologists in California
67
CAT scan
computerized axial tomography (structure)
68
cataplexy
sudden loss of muscle tone
69
catecholamines
epinephrine (adrenaline), norepinephrine, and dopamine
70
Cattell
g factor with two subtypes - fluid and crystalized
71
Cattell-Horn-Carroll
3 levels, g factor, 10 broad, 70 narrow
72
caudate nucleus
related to OCD, Tourette's, Huntington Disease, ADHD
73
cell body
integrate info
74
centrism
inabilty to focus on more than one aspect of problem at a time
75
cerebellum
maintaining smooth movement, coordinating motor activity, balance
76
cerebral cortex
frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital
77
chaining
creating a sequence of desired behs
78
childhood disintegrative disorder
sig loss of previously acquired skills before 10
79
Cholinergic
synaptic transmission that is mediated by the release of acetylcholine
80
chorea
uncontrollable and irregular muscle movements
81
chronosystem
role of the passage of time in the person's life
82
chunking
transforming separate items into meaningful unit for memory
83
cingulate gyrus
satifaction center of brain; eating & sex
84
classical neurotransmitters
acetylcholine (Ach), catecholamines, serotonin, amino acids
85
Cognitive dissonance theory
modifying congition when committed to something inconsistent with belief
86
Cognitive play stages
repetitive, constructive, imaginative, formal games with rules
87
Cognitive Resource Theory
Compares directive vs non-directive leadership on various factors
88
common reality
what the individual is told to do
89
concussions
head injury without bruising
90
conduction aphasia
connection between Broca's and Wernicke's areas has been damaged
91
confabulate
make up stories about past events
92
Confluence
lack of differentiation between self and others to avoid conflict
93
Congruity Theory
making predictions about which attitude changes on top of Balance Theory
94
Conjunctive tasks
outcome limited by least effective member
95
contiguous
two stimuli being presented closely in time
96
contingency contracting
contracting on target behs, reinforcers and punishers
97
Contrast effect
ratings of candidates affected by previous candidate
98
contusions
coup-countercoup injuries
99
corpus callosom
bridge between two cerebral hemispheres
100
counterconditioning (reciprocal inhibition)
pairing a mal response with a incompatible adaptive response
101
covert sensitization
type of adversive counterconditioning using imagination
102
Criterion contamination
rating is affected by knowledge of the score on the predictor
103
Critical incident technique
ascertaining the actions for success and failure
104
critical period of development
if certain things don't occur, unable to compensate
105
Cross's model
preencounter, encounter, immersion-emersion, internalization, internalization-commitment
106
cross-sequential research
takes several cross sections and follow over time
107
Cryptomnesia
perceives information as being an original idea of their own
108
cultural encapsultation
can impede effective psychotherapy with minority clients; stereotyping
109
cultural paranoia
a healthy suspiciosness based on real exeriences of racism
110
culture-bound symptoms
psychiatric symptoms found only in a particular culture group
111
Cybernetics
circular nature of feedback loops (positive & negative)
112
Decalage
unevenness in development in any area
113
decay
memory deteriorates with passage of time
114
declarative memories
includes semantic and episodic memories
115
deep dyslexia
mistakenly reads a given word as one with similar meaning
116
Deflection
distance self from emotions
117
deindividuation
suspending one's self-identity and adopting identity of group
118
delirium
disturbance of consciousness & change in cognitive abilities
119
delta waves
deep sleep
120
dementia
loss of memory + something else
121
dendrites
receive info from other neurons
122
depot neuroleptics
injected antipsychotics
123
detouring
parents express distress through one child - identified patient
124
differential learning
combines extinction and positive reinforcement
125
differential reinforcement of other behs
all behaviors except target reduction beh is reinforced; reward if no target in interval
126
Differential validity
test more valid in predicting for one group than the other
127
diffuse impairment
loss of complex cognitive functions
128
Diffusion of responsibility
best chances of receiving help when only 1 bystander, the more, the lower chances
129
discrete impairment
loss of foresight & concern, irresponsibility
130
discriminative stimulus
a stimulus that precedes a beh and signals the probability of reinforcement (menu)
131
Disjunctive tasks
outcome affected by most effective member
132
Displacement
transference of emotions to substitue or symbolic representation
133
dissociative fugue
travel away from home and unable to recall past
134
distal factors
external, objective events and conditions
135
Distributive negotiation
parties claiming part of the pie
136
diuresis
excessive urination
137
dizygotic twins
fraternal twins
138
dopamine
related to schizophrenia? Parkinson - low dopamine
139
Double bind
three element maladaptive comm
140
Down's syndrome
three chromosomes on 21; metal retardation, broad skull, slanted eyes
141
dyspareunia
pain in the genitals associated with intercourse
142
dysphoria
emotional state characterized by anxiety, depression, or unease
143
dyssomnisa
disturbance in amount, quality, or timing of sleep
144
dystonia
acute and painful muscle spasm
145
echolalia
imitation of sounds without comprehension
146
Effectiveness research
studies psychotherapy as it is actually practiced
147
effectiveness research
practice in real world
148
Efficacy research
tight experimental control maximizes interal validity
149
efficacy research
tight experimental control
150
effort justification
spending sig time on unworthy task
151
effort justification
spending sig time on unworthy task
152
eidetic memory
photographic memory
153
elaborative rehearsal
memory strategy relates new info with old memory
154
Electroencephalography (EEG)
measures brain wave
155
Electromyography (EMG)
measures surface muscle tension
156
Elkind's adolescent thinking
personal fable, imaginary audience
157
embryonic period
2 wks until 8-12 wks
158
Emic
culture specific approach
159
emotional triangle
closeness of two members tends to exclude a third
160
empirical criterion keying
items chosen based on discrimination of membership
161
enactment
simulation of the transaction of a family structure in attempt to change it
162
encopresis
passage of feces into inappropriate places
163
enculturation
learing one's own culture, influenced by home and family
164
enkephalins & endorphins
endogenous opioids; regulate stress and pain
165
enuresis
repeated voiding of urine into the bed or clothes
166
epigenesis
dev occur in a series of stages
167
equifinality
diff cause can produce same results
168
equipotentiality
single cause may produce diff results
169
Erikson's psychosocial stages
hope, will, purpose, competence, fidelity, love, care, wisdom
170
Etic
a non-culture specific approach that looks for universal principles
171
exosystem
rel between two or more systems where one is indirect
172
experimental neurosis
confusion by changing similar stimuli
173
explicit memory
conscious awareness of remembering
174
expressive abuse
results from difficulty managing emotions
175
extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS)
movement related symptoms
176
Factitious Disorder
intentional production of symptoms without secondary gain
177
fading
gradual removal of cues under which a response occurs (gradual reduction of promting)
178
false fame effect
could not recall where they had encountered the names; concluded they are famous individuals
179
fetal period
8-12 wks until birth
180
Fiedler's Contingency (LPC) Theory
High LPC (relationship) - effective in moderate, Low LPC (task) - effective in extreme
181
flashbulb memories
memories of distinct and usually traumatic events
182
Folstein Mini-Mental State Examination
a brief examination of cognitive functioning for older adults
183
Forced Choice
choose between two equally pos or neg choices
184
forced distribution
distribute employees into perdetermined categories
185
Framo
family-of-origin session; meeting partner's FOO
186
Freud's psychosexual stages
oral(1), anal(1-3), phallic(3-6), latency(6-12), genital(12-18)
187
frotteurism
fantasies, urges, beh of rubbing a non-consenting person
188
fundamental attribution error
attributes others' failures to dispositional causes and underestimating situational variables
189
GABA & glycine
calming effect; anxiety, epileptic seizures - low
190
Galvanic skin response (GSR)
also called ecetrodermal response (EDR); measures sweat
191
Gate control theory
pain not directly related to pain receptors
192
Gender-Schema theory
children use gender as a schema to organize their world
193
General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)
Alarm -> Resistance -> Exhaustion
194
General systems theory
system is interaction of component parts, seeks homeostatis
195
genotype
genetic makeup of a person - both expressed and unexpressed
196
germinal period
first 2 wks; zygote divides and implants itself onto uterus wall
197
Gerstmann's syndrome
lesions of the dominant parietal lobe (acalculia, agraphia, left-right difficulty, finger agnosia)
198
Gilligan's moral dev theory
Justice (men); Caring (women): individual survival, self-sacrifice, nonviolence
