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EPPP > key terms2 > Flashcards

key terms2 Flashcards

1
Q

glutamate

A

schizoprenia - abnormal

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2
Q

graded participant modeling

A

watches model and then attempt themselves with guidance

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3
Q

grasp reflex

A

making a firm fist

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4
Q

Griefing stages

A

numbness, yearning, disorganization & despair, resolution/reorganization

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5
Q

Griggs vs. Duke Power Company

A

biases in testing in industry

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6
Q

Groupthink

A

group members think alike and lose critical eval capacities due to pressure to conform

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7
Q

habituation

A

repeatedly exposed to an US and UR decreases (classical)

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8
Q

Harry Harlow

A

monkeys’ contact comfort

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9
Q

Hawthorne effect

A

a change in behavior that results from being observed, focused on psychologial factors

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10
Q

Health belief model

A

perceptions of vulnerablity and beliefs about illness influences health behavior

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11
Q

Hedonic bias (self-serving bias)

A

people attribute own successes to internal factors and failures to external factors

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12
Q

Helms’s White racial identity dev model

A

contact, disintegration, reintegration, pseudo-independence, immersion/emersion, autonomy

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13
Q

hemiparesis

A

weakness in one side of body

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14
Q

Hemophilia

A

excessive bleeding, mostly males

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15
Q

Hersey & Blanchard’s Situational Leadership

A

looks at employees’ readiness to perform (telling, selling, participating, delegating)

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16
Q

Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory

A

Motivator-Hygiene Theory, lower vs higher level needs, job enrichment vs enlargement

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17
Q

heuristics

A

guidelines to categroize other people, situations, events

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18
Q

high-context communication

A

situation and non-verbal cues affect the meaning; ethnic minorities

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19
Q

hippocampus

A

memory

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20
Q

Holland’s Typology

A

Realistic, Investigative, Artistic, Social, Enterprising, Conventional

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21
Q

holophrasic speech

A

says the first word (10-14 mos)

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22
Q

House’s Path-Goal Theory

A

increase personal payoffs and smoothens the paths to the payoffs

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23
Q

hydroncephalus

A

excessive brain fluid

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24
Q

hypervigilance

A

enhanced state of sensory sensitivity

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25
Q

hypnogogic hallucinations

A

occur as a person falls asleep

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26
Q

hypnopompic hallucinations

A

occur upon awakening

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27
Q

hypothalamus

A

homeostatsis function through regulating endocrine system; sleep, hunger, rage, fear

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28
Q

Iatrogenically produced symptoms

A

symptoms caused by medical or psychological treatment

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29
Q

Idiographic

A

a tendency to specify; single subject research design

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30
Q

idiopathic

A

cause of a disease is unknown

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31
Q

idiosyncrasy credits

A

tolerated for bering deviant from group norms; earned by initially conforming

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32
Q

illusory correlation

A

tendency to overestimate slightly or un-correlated variables

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33
Q

imaginary audience

A

everyone is thinking about the same things, regarding themselves

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34
Q

Implosive therapy

A

flooding conducted in imagnination

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35
Q

In-basket technique

A

promotion assessment, after vacation problems

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36
Q

Inductive discipline

A

calling attention to neg consequences for others of child’s beh

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37
Q

inferior colliculus

A

controls auditory reflexes

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38
Q

Information processing

A

focuses on quantitative changes that occur over the life span

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39
Q

informational social influence

A

pressure to conform based on the assumption that other person has more info

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40
Q

inhibition

A

interference in learning

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41
Q

inoculation

A

given a mild argument against one’s belief and the belief strengthens (like vaccines)

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42
Q

instrumental abuse

A

use violence to control

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43
Q

insufficient deterrence

A

does not perform desirable beh because of small deterrent

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44
Q

insufficient deterrence

A

does not perform desirable beh because of small deterrent

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45
Q

insufficient justification

A

performs undesirable beh for small inducement

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46
Q

insufficient justification

A

performs undesirable beh for small inducement

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47
Q

Integrative/principled negotiation

A

attempting to enlarge the pie

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48
Q

interactional justice

A

informational justice & interpersonal justice

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49
Q

Introjection

A

taking information in whole -> na?ve, compliant

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50
Q

Ipsative measures

A

yield only info on self, without comparion to others

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51
Q

James-Lange Theory

A

emotions result from perceiving bodily reactions or reponses

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52
Q

Job analysis

A

description (tasks) + specification (requirements) + evaluation; determine salary

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53
Q

Job evaluation

A

process to determine the financial worth of a specific job to an organization

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54
Q

John Bowlby’s Maternal Deprivation Syndrome

A

Protest, Despair, Detachment

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55
Q

John Henry effect

A

compensatory rivalry - persons in control group try harder

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56
Q

Kelley’s Personal Construct Theory

A

we perceive the world according to what we expect to see

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57
Q

kinesics

A

body movements

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58
Q

Kirkpatrick’s training evaluation model

A

participants reactions, learning, behavior transfer, results

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59
Q

kleptomania

A

stealing objects

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60
Q

Klinefelter’s syndrome

A

XXY, only in men, taller, lower IQ, abnormal dev of sex characteristics

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61
Q

Kluver-Bucy syndrome

A

removal of amygdala -> placidity, apathy, hyperphagia, hypersex, amnesia, aphasia

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62
Q

Kohlberg’s moral reasoning theory

A

preconventional (4-10), conventional (10+), postconventional (13+)

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63
Q

Korsakoff’s syndrome

A

substance-induced persisting amnestic disorder; confabulation; thiamine deficiency

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64
Q

Krumboltz’s Social Learning Theory

A

Career choices are made through modeling and reinforcement

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65
Q

Kubler-Ross Stages confronting own death (DABDA)

A

denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance

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66
Q

Larry R. vs. Riles

A

banned the use of IQ tests for placing children in educable retarded classes (disproportionate amount of minority students)

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67
Q

Levinson’s Seaons of a Man’s Life theory

A

Early, Entering, Age 30, Settling down, Mid-life, Middle, Age 50, Late

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68
Q

Lewin’s field theory

A

beh is a function of the interaction between person and environment

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69
Q

Locke’s Goal Setting Approach

A

specific, intermediate, feedback, self-efficacy, accept goals

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70
Q

locus coeruleus

A

associated with depression and panic disorder

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71
Q

long-term potentiation

A

process of short-term –> long-term memories

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72
Q

Lorenz attachment

A

duckling imprinted 12-17 hrs after birth

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73
Q

low-context communication

A

meaning based on what explicitly verbalized; white middle class

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74
Q

Lower level needs

A

hygiene factors, not met-dissatisfaction

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75
Q

lymbic system

A

related to emotional beh and aggression

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76
Q

macrosystem

A

culture, religion, economy and political systems

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77
Q

magnification/minimization

A

magnify problems, minimize positive qualities

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78
Q

Mahler’s developmental stages

A

normal infantile autism, symbiosis, differentiation, practicing, rapprochment, object constancy

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79
Q

Marcia’s adolescence dev stages

A

identity achievement, foreclosures, moratorium, identity diffusion

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80
Q

Marital schism

A

dicord and disequilibrium, threats of separation

81
Q

Marital skew

A

skewed toward meeting one’s needs and sacraficing the others’

82
Q

MBO (Management by Objectives)

A

goal setting and performance review

83
Q

McClelland’s Acquired Needs Theory

A

nAch, nAff, nPower

84
Q

menarche

A

first mentrual period

85
Q

mesosystem

A

interaction between various microsystems

86
Q

method of loci

A

forming visual image of items and putting in places of mental walk

87
Q

microsystem

A

everyday environment the person encounters

88
Q

Milgram’s study

A

providing shocks, power and obedience

89
Q

mimesis

A

imitation

90
Q

Minority Identity development model

A

conformity, dissonance, resistance, introspection, integrative awareness

91
Q

mnemonics

A

memory enhancing strategies

92
Q

monozygotic twins

A

identical twins

93
Q

mood-congruent theory

A

remember material better when mood matches state when learned

94
Q

moro reflex

A

extending legs, arms,and fingers, and arching back

95
Q

morpheme

A

smallest meaningful unit of speech (daddy)

96
Q

MRI

A

magnetic resonance imaging (structure)

97
Q

multisystems approach

A

struggles understood in it’s larger environmental & cultural context

98
Q

myelination

A

continue brain development: speed, attention, etc < 20s

99
Q

narcolepsy

A

irresistible attackes of refreshing sleep; sleepiness, loss muscle tone, hallucination

100
Q

neglect

A

misreads first or last half of words

101
Q

neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS)

A

severe muscle rigidity, autonomic instability, high fever

102
Q

nomothetic

A

a tendency to generalize; studying groups as opposed to individuals

103
Q

norepinephrine

A

depression - low; manic - high

104
Q

normative social influence

A

pressure to conform based on a need for approval and acceptance by group

105
Q

object constancy

A

maintain image and unify good and bad of the mother

106
Q

object permanence

A

people continue to exist even when the child cannot see them

107
Q

organizational justice

A

distributive justice, procedural justice, interactional justice

108
Q

orthostatic hypotension

A

dizziness, lightheadedness on standing up

109
Q

overjustification

A

when reinforced, attribute beh to reinforcement not intrinsic motivation

110
Q

Overjustification Hypothesis

A

people loss interest after performing them for incentives; intrinsic -> extrinsic

111
Q

palpitation

A

awareness of the abnormal beating of the heart

112
Q

paralanguage

A

vocal cues

113
Q

paramnesia

A

distortion of memory and involves confabulation

114
Q

Paraphilias

A

sexual deviations or perversions

115
Q

paraplegia

A

paralysis in the legs

116
Q

parasomnia

A

abnormal behs occurring in association with sleep

117
Q

paresis

A

muscle weakness

118
Q

paresthesia

A

abnormal skin sensation: buring, ticklying, etc

119
Q

parkinsonism

A

mask-like face, drooling, tremor, akinesia

120
Q

pedophilla

A

sexual contact in a prepubescent child

121
Q

peg-word system

A

peg items on ideas

122
Q

perinatal period

A

1 pound of weight (in utero) to one month after birth

123
Q

personal athoritiative reality

A

what feels right to do

124
Q

personal fable

A

belief self as special and rules don’t apply to them

125
Q

PET scan

A

positron emission tomography (activity)

126
Q

petit mal seizure

A

brief & small

127
Q

phenotype

A

observable characteristics of the person

128
Q

phoneme

A

smallest unit of speech (da)

129
Q

phonological dyslexia

A

cannot read non-words aloud

130
Q

Piaget’s moral dev theory

A

heteronomous morality (5-10), autonomous morality (10+)

131
Q

Piaget’s stage theory

A

sensorimotor (0-2), preoperational (2-7), concrete operational (7-11), formal operational (11+)

132
Q

pica

A

persistent eating of nonnutritive substances

133
Q

pituitary

A

involves growth

134
Q

PKU (Phenylketonuria)

A

metabolic disorder, mental retardation; autosomal recessive

135
Q

plasticity

A

flexibility in functioning, recover from brain damage; < 7-8y.o.

136
Q

polygraph

A

measures through heart rate, respiration and skin conductivity

137
Q

pons & medulla

A

facial expression, sleep, respiration, movement, cardiovacular

138
Q

Positron emission tomography (PET)

A

used for demonstrating brain activity or functioning

139
Q

post decisional dissonance

A

faced with two good choices

140
Q

post decisional dissonance

A

faced with two good choices

141
Q

Premack principle (response-differential theory)

A

Frequent beh can be used as reinforcers for low probability behs

142
Q

primacy effect

A

person who speaks first remembered best in long gap situations

143
Q

primary aging

A

wear-and-tear theory

144
Q

Primary process

A

include dreams and hallucination

145
Q

priming

A

exposure of simulus that makes it easier to remember

146
Q

principle of parsimony (Occam’s Razor)

A

best explanation is simplest and requires the fewest assumptions

147
Q

proprioception

A

the ability to locate one’s body parts

148
Q

prosopagnosia

A

can’t recognize faces

149
Q

prospective memories

A

memories of what one planned to do

150
Q

protagonist

A

main character of story

151
Q

Protocol analysis

A

gain access to people’s problems solving strategies

152
Q

proxemics

A

use of personal space

153
Q

proximal factors

A

individual?s perceptions and appraisals of events and conditions

154
Q

pseudoconditioning

A

a response is elicited to a neutral stimulus that has not been paired with either the CS or the US

155
Q

pyromania

A

fire setting

156
Q

QCC (Quality Control Circle)

A

improving quantity and quality of production

157
Q

quadriplegia

A

paralysis in all four limbs

158
Q

quasi-experimental

A

IV manipulated, no random assignments

159
Q

QWL (Quality-of-work-life)

A

improving extrinsic and intrinsic factors related to satisfaction

160
Q

rational-economic model (classical decision)

A

examines all possible solutions before choosing one

161
Q

reactance

A

feel pressured by a message and increases resistance to persuasion

162
Q

reactance theory

A

not comply with request when freedom is threatened

163
Q

reaction formation

A

engaging in behaviors opposite of id’s real urges

164
Q

reactive attachment disorder

A

disturbance in social relatedness

165
Q

recency effect

A

person who speaks last remebered best in smaller gap situations

166
Q

redintegration

A

when something rapidly unlocks a chain of memories

167
Q

reference group

A

people we admire, like and want to resemble

168
Q

Rehm’s self-control model of depression

A

reinforcement can be self-generated rather than derived from external sources

169
Q

relative methods

A

comparing employees with one another

170
Q

response cost

A

removal of prespecified reward for misbehavior

171
Q

Response polarization

A

people in groups become more extreme in their views

172
Q

Restitution

A

having the person make up for an inappropriate behavior

173
Q

reticular activating system (RAS)

A

filter for incoming sensory information; related to attentinon, arousal, awaking/sleeping cycle

174
Q

Retroflection

A

do to self what they would like to do to others

175
Q

retrograde amnesia

A

forgot past

176
Q

Rett’s disorder

A

sudden decelertation of head growth

177
Q

Ringelmann effect (social loafing)

A

work less hard in group settings as compared to individual settings

178
Q

Risky shift

A

people make riskier decisions in group settings

179
Q

RNA

A

nucleic acid within neuron; involved with learning and memory

180
Q

rooting reflex

A

turning head, opening mouth, sucking

181
Q

Rosenthal effect (self-fulfilling prophecy)

A

cues by the experimenter that results in subjects conforming

182
Q

rumination disorder

A

repeated regurgitation and rechewing of food

183
Q

Sapir-Whorf hypothesis

A

speakers of different languages think differently

184
Q

satiation

A

a reinforcer used so much it loses its reinforcing quality (operant)

185
Q

scaffolding

A

teachers adjust their levels of help base on child’s performance

186
Q

Schacter’s 2-factor theory

A

emotions result from internal (hypothalamus and limbic sys) and external (context) cues

187
Q

Schein’s Career Anchor Theory

A

autonomy, security, technical, managerial, entrepreneurial, service, challenge, life style

188
Q

secondary aging

A

results from desease, disues, and neglect of body

189
Q

secondary prevention

A

early treatment stopping mild disorders becoming severe

190
Q

Secondary process

A

includes thinking and speaking

191
Q

Self-Enhancement Theory

A

people are motivated to think favorably of themselves and behave for others to think so too

192
Q

Self-perception Theory

A

people infer their attitudes by observing their beh

193
Q

self-serving bias

A

attributes own success to disposition factors and failures to situational factors

194
Q

Self-verification Theory

A

people are motivated to confirm their self-concept, even if negative

195
Q

semantic

A

meaning

196
Q

semantic differential scale

A

measures attitude in three dimensions: evaluative, potency, activity

197
Q

Sensate focus

A

uses pleasure as counterconditioning response to anxiety (no sex)

198
Q

sensitive period of development

A

if certain things don’t occur, may be able to compensate

199
Q

sensory memory

A

representation of external stimuli (for 1-2 sec) after removal

EPPP (10 decks)

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