key terms2 Flashcards
1
Q
glutamate
A
schizoprenia - abnormal
2
Q
graded participant modeling
A
watches model and then attempt themselves with guidance
3
Q
grasp reflex
A
making a firm fist
4
Q
Griefing stages
A
numbness, yearning, disorganization & despair, resolution/reorganization
5
Q
Griggs vs. Duke Power Company
A
biases in testing in industry
6
Q
Groupthink
A
group members think alike and lose critical eval capacities due to pressure to conform
7
Q
habituation
A
repeatedly exposed to an US and UR decreases (classical)
8
Q
Harry Harlow
A
monkeys’ contact comfort
9
Q
Hawthorne effect
A
a change in behavior that results from being observed, focused on psychologial factors
10
Q
Health belief model
A
perceptions of vulnerablity and beliefs about illness influences health behavior
11
Q
Hedonic bias (self-serving bias)
A
people attribute own successes to internal factors and failures to external factors
12
Q
Helms’s White racial identity dev model
A
contact, disintegration, reintegration, pseudo-independence, immersion/emersion, autonomy
13
Q
hemiparesis
A
weakness in one side of body
14
Q
Hemophilia
A
excessive bleeding, mostly males
15
Q
Hersey & Blanchard’s Situational Leadership
A
looks at employees’ readiness to perform (telling, selling, participating, delegating)
16
Q
Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory
A
Motivator-Hygiene Theory, lower vs higher level needs, job enrichment vs enlargement
17
Q
heuristics
A
guidelines to categroize other people, situations, events
18
Q
high-context communication
A
situation and non-verbal cues affect the meaning; ethnic minorities
19
Q
hippocampus
A
memory
20
Q
Holland’s Typology
A
Realistic, Investigative, Artistic, Social, Enterprising, Conventional
21
Q
holophrasic speech
A
says the first word (10-14 mos)
22
Q
House’s Path-Goal Theory
A
increase personal payoffs and smoothens the paths to the payoffs
23
Q
hydroncephalus
A
excessive brain fluid
24
Q
hypervigilance
A
enhanced state of sensory sensitivity
25
hypnogogic hallucinations
occur as a person falls asleep
26
hypnopompic hallucinations
occur upon awakening
27
hypothalamus
homeostatsis function through regulating endocrine system; sleep, hunger, rage, fear
28
Iatrogenically produced symptoms
symptoms caused by medical or psychological treatment
29
Idiographic
a tendency to specify; single subject research design
30
idiopathic
cause of a disease is unknown
31
idiosyncrasy credits
tolerated for bering deviant from group norms; earned by initially conforming
32
illusory correlation
tendency to overestimate slightly or un-correlated variables
33
imaginary audience
everyone is thinking about the same things, regarding themselves
34
Implosive therapy
flooding conducted in imagnination
35
In-basket technique
promotion assessment, after vacation problems
36
Inductive discipline
calling attention to neg consequences for others of child's beh
37
inferior colliculus
controls auditory reflexes
38
Information processing
focuses on quantitative changes that occur over the life span
39
informational social influence
pressure to conform based on the assumption that other person has more info
40
inhibition
interference in learning
41
inoculation
given a mild argument against one's belief and the belief strengthens (like vaccines)
42
instrumental abuse
use violence to control
43
insufficient deterrence
does not perform desirable beh because of small deterrent
44
insufficient deterrence
does not perform desirable beh because of small deterrent
45
insufficient justification
performs undesirable beh for small inducement
46
insufficient justification
performs undesirable beh for small inducement
47
Integrative/principled negotiation
attempting to enlarge the pie
48
interactional justice
informational justice & interpersonal justice
49
Introjection
taking information in whole -> na?ve, compliant
50
Ipsative measures
yield only info on self, without comparion to others
51
James-Lange Theory
emotions result from perceiving bodily reactions or reponses
52
Job analysis
description (tasks) + specification (requirements) + evaluation; determine salary
53
Job evaluation
process to determine the financial worth of a specific job to an organization
54
John Bowlby's Maternal Deprivation Syndrome
Protest, Despair, Detachment
55
John Henry effect
compensatory rivalry - persons in control group try harder
56
Kelley's Personal Construct Theory
we perceive the world according to what we expect to see
57
kinesics
body movements
58
Kirkpatrick's training evaluation model
participants reactions, learning, behavior transfer, results
59
kleptomania
stealing objects
60
Klinefelter's syndrome
XXY, only in men, taller, lower IQ, abnormal dev of sex characteristics
61
Kluver-Bucy syndrome
removal of amygdala -> placidity, apathy, hyperphagia, hypersex, amnesia, aphasia
62
Kohlberg's moral reasoning theory
preconventional (4-10), conventional (10+), postconventional (13+)
63
Korsakoff's syndrome
substance-induced persisting amnestic disorder; confabulation; thiamine deficiency
64
Krumboltz's Social Learning Theory
Career choices are made through modeling and reinforcement
65
Kubler-Ross Stages confronting own death (DABDA)
denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance
66
Larry R. vs. Riles
banned the use of IQ tests for placing children in educable retarded classes (disproportionate amount of minority students)
67
Levinson's Seaons of a Man's Life theory
Early, Entering, Age 30, Settling down, Mid-life, Middle, Age 50, Late
68
Lewin's field theory
beh is a function of the interaction between person and environment
69
Locke's Goal Setting Approach
specific, intermediate, feedback, self-efficacy, accept goals
70
locus coeruleus
associated with depression and panic disorder
71
long-term potentiation
process of short-term --> long-term memories
72
Lorenz attachment
duckling imprinted 12-17 hrs after birth
73
low-context communication
meaning based on what explicitly verbalized; white middle class
74
Lower level needs
hygiene factors, not met-dissatisfaction
75
lymbic system
related to emotional beh and aggression
76
macrosystem
culture, religion, economy and political systems
77
magnification/minimization
magnify problems, minimize positive qualities
78
Mahler's developmental stages
normal infantile autism, symbiosis, differentiation, practicing, rapprochment, object constancy
79
Marcia's adolescence dev stages
identity achievement, foreclosures, moratorium, identity diffusion
80
Marital schism
dicord and disequilibrium, threats of separation
81
Marital skew
skewed toward meeting one's needs and sacraficing the others'
82
MBO (Management by Objectives)
goal setting and performance review
83
McClelland's Acquired Needs Theory
nAch, nAff, nPower
84
menarche
first mentrual period
85
mesosystem
interaction between various microsystems
86
method of loci
forming visual image of items and putting in places of mental walk
87
microsystem
everyday environment the person encounters
88
Milgram's study
providing shocks, power and obedience
89
mimesis
imitation
90
Minority Identity development model
conformity, dissonance, resistance, introspection, integrative awareness
91
mnemonics
memory enhancing strategies
92
monozygotic twins
identical twins
93
mood-congruent theory
remember material better when mood matches state when learned
94
moro reflex
extending legs, arms,and fingers, and arching back
95
morpheme
smallest meaningful unit of speech (daddy)
96
MRI
magnetic resonance imaging (structure)
97
multisystems approach
struggles understood in it's larger environmental & cultural context
98
myelination
continue brain development: speed, attention, etc < 20s
99
narcolepsy
irresistible attackes of refreshing sleep; sleepiness, loss muscle tone, hallucination
100
neglect
misreads first or last half of words
101
neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS)
severe muscle rigidity, autonomic instability, high fever
102
nomothetic
a tendency to generalize; studying groups as opposed to individuals
103
norepinephrine
depression - low; manic - high
104
normative social influence
pressure to conform based on a need for approval and acceptance by group
105
object constancy
maintain image and unify good and bad of the mother
106
object permanence
people continue to exist even when the child cannot see them
107
organizational justice
distributive justice, procedural justice, interactional justice
108
orthostatic hypotension
dizziness, lightheadedness on standing up
109
overjustification
when reinforced, attribute beh to reinforcement not intrinsic motivation
110
Overjustification Hypothesis
people loss interest after performing them for incentives; intrinsic -> extrinsic
111
palpitation
awareness of the abnormal beating of the heart
112
paralanguage
vocal cues
113
paramnesia
distortion of memory and involves confabulation
114
Paraphilias
sexual deviations or perversions
115
paraplegia
paralysis in the legs
116
parasomnia
abnormal behs occurring in association with sleep
117
paresis
muscle weakness
118
paresthesia
abnormal skin sensation: buring, ticklying, etc
119
parkinsonism
mask-like face, drooling, tremor, akinesia
120
pedophilla
sexual contact in a prepubescent child
121
peg-word system
peg items on ideas
122
perinatal period
1 pound of weight (in utero) to one month after birth
123
personal athoritiative reality
what feels right to do
124
personal fable
belief self as special and rules don't apply to them
125
PET scan
positron emission tomography (activity)
126
petit mal seizure
brief & small
127
phenotype
observable characteristics of the person
128
phoneme
smallest unit of speech (da)
129
phonological dyslexia
cannot read non-words aloud
130
Piaget's moral dev theory
heteronomous morality (5-10), autonomous morality (10+)
131
Piaget's stage theory
sensorimotor (0-2), preoperational (2-7), concrete operational (7-11), formal operational (11+)
132
pica
persistent eating of nonnutritive substances
133
pituitary
involves growth
134
PKU (Phenylketonuria)
metabolic disorder, mental retardation; autosomal recessive
135
plasticity
flexibility in functioning, recover from brain damage; < 7-8y.o.
136
polygraph
measures through heart rate, respiration and skin conductivity
137
pons & medulla
facial expression, sleep, respiration, movement, cardiovacular
138
Positron emission tomography (PET)
used for demonstrating brain activity or functioning
139
post decisional dissonance
faced with two good choices
140
post decisional dissonance
faced with two good choices
141
Premack principle (response-differential theory)
Frequent beh can be used as reinforcers for low probability behs
142
primacy effect
person who speaks first remembered best in long gap situations
143
primary aging
wear-and-tear theory
144
Primary process
include dreams and hallucination
145
priming
exposure of simulus that makes it easier to remember
146
principle of parsimony (Occam's Razor)
best explanation is simplest and requires the fewest assumptions
147
proprioception
the ability to locate one's body parts
148
prosopagnosia
can't recognize faces
149
prospective memories
memories of what one planned to do
150
protagonist
main character of story
151
Protocol analysis
gain access to people's problems solving strategies
152
proxemics
use of personal space
153
proximal factors
individual?s perceptions and appraisals of events and conditions
154
pseudoconditioning
a response is elicited to a neutral stimulus that has not been paired with either the CS or the US
155
pyromania
fire setting
156
QCC (Quality Control Circle)
improving quantity and quality of production
157
quadriplegia
paralysis in all four limbs
158
quasi-experimental
IV manipulated, no random assignments
159
QWL (Quality-of-work-life)
improving extrinsic and intrinsic factors related to satisfaction
160
rational-economic model (classical decision)
examines all possible solutions before choosing one
161
reactance
feel pressured by a message and increases resistance to persuasion
162
reactance theory
not comply with request when freedom is threatened
163
reaction formation
engaging in behaviors opposite of id's real urges
164
reactive attachment disorder
disturbance in social relatedness
165
recency effect
person who speaks last remebered best in smaller gap situations
166
redintegration
when something rapidly unlocks a chain of memories
167
reference group
people we admire, like and want to resemble
168
Rehm's self-control model of depression
reinforcement can be self-generated rather than derived from external sources
169
relative methods
comparing employees with one another
170
response cost
removal of prespecified reward for misbehavior
171
Response polarization
people in groups become more extreme in their views
172
Restitution
having the person make up for an inappropriate behavior
173
reticular activating system (RAS)
filter for incoming sensory information; related to attentinon, arousal, awaking/sleeping cycle
174
Retroflection
do to self what they would like to do to others
175
retrograde amnesia
forgot past
176
Rett's disorder
sudden decelertation of head growth
177
Ringelmann effect (social loafing)
work less hard in group settings as compared to individual settings
178
Risky shift
people make riskier decisions in group settings
179
RNA
nucleic acid within neuron; involved with learning and memory
180
rooting reflex
turning head, opening mouth, sucking
181
Rosenthal effect (self-fulfilling prophecy)
cues by the experimenter that results in subjects conforming
182
rumination disorder
repeated regurgitation and rechewing of food
183
Sapir-Whorf hypothesis
speakers of different languages think differently
184
satiation
a reinforcer used so much it loses its reinforcing quality (operant)
185
scaffolding
teachers adjust their levels of help base on child's performance
186
Schacter's 2-factor theory
emotions result from internal (hypothalamus and limbic sys) and external (context) cues
187
Schein's Career Anchor Theory
autonomy, security, technical, managerial, entrepreneurial, service, challenge, life style
188
secondary aging
results from desease, disues, and neglect of body
189
secondary prevention
early treatment stopping mild disorders becoming severe
190
Secondary process
includes thinking and speaking
191
Self-Enhancement Theory
people are motivated to think favorably of themselves and behave for others to think so too
192
Self-perception Theory
people infer their attitudes by observing their beh
193
self-serving bias
attributes own success to disposition factors and failures to situational factors
194
Self-verification Theory
people are motivated to confirm their self-concept, even if negative
195
semantic
meaning
196
semantic differential scale
measures attitude in three dimensions: evaluative, potency, activity
197
Sensate focus
uses pleasure as counterconditioning response to anxiety (no sex)
198
sensitive period of development
if certain things don't occur, may be able to compensate
199
sensory memory
representation of external stimuli (for 1-2 sec) after removal
