EPPP -Ethics Flashcards

1
Q
Psychologists can
use animals in
research if what 2
conditions are
met?
A
1. It is in compliance with
current federal, state, and local
laws and regulations, and with
professional standards; 2.
Reasonable efforts are made to
minimize discomfort, infection,
illness, and pain to animals
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2
Q
Psychologists are required to
work within the boundaries of
their \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, which can
be based on their education,
training, supervised experience,
consultation, study, or
professional experience.
A

Competence

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3
Q
What course of action
should you take if you
discover a colleague has
been violating an ethical
standard that puts no
clients in direct harm?
A

Attempt to resolve the
problem informally by
discussing the matter
with the offender

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4
Q
When should a psychologist
make a formal report to the
Ethics Committee, state
licensing board, or other
appropriate authority
regarding unethical behavior
by a colleague?
A
When the problem
involves "substantial harm"
and is not appropriate for
an informal resolution or
has not been resolved
satisfactorily by an attempt
at an informal resolution
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5
Q
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ always takes
precedence over the need
to educate or punish an
offending psychologist,
which must always be
considered before filing a
complaint.
A

Client

Confidentiality

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6
Q
When recording
voices/images in
research, when is
informed consent
not required?
A
When the research consists
solely of naturalistic
observations in public places,
and it is not anticipated that the
recording will be used in a
manner that could cause
personal identification or harm
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7
Q
Describe the nature of
informed consent when
research involves
recording voices/images
and deception.
A

Informed
consent is
provided during
debriefing

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8
Q
What is the legal
concept that protects a
client's confidentiality in
the context of legal
proceedings?
A

Privilege

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9
Q

Typically,
__________ is
the holder of
the privilege.

A

The

client

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10
Q
What has the data
on sexual
misconduct by
therapists
consistently shown?
A
Male therapists violate
much more than female
therapists, and they are
usually older (42-44 y/o)
than the female clients
(30-33 y/o) they become
involved with
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11
Q
What relationships have
been found between risk
for sexual misconduct and
theoretical orientation,
professional experience,
or education?
A

None
(Pope et
al., 1993)

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12
Q

When can a
psychologist
use client
testimonials?

A
When they are not
solicited from current
therapy clients or other
persons who, because of
their circumstances, are
vulnerable to undue
influence
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13
Q
In a consultative
relationship, when is
it appropriate to
disclose confidential
client information?
A
1. When the consultant and
consultee have a confidential
relationship; 2. If the consultee
has obtained prior consent of
the person or organization; 3. If
disclosure is unavoidable
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14
Q
A psychologist has been
meeting regularly with a child
whose parents recently filed for
divorce and have requested a
child custody evaluation. What
course of action should the
psychologist take?
A
While not required, The
Guidelines states
psychologists generally avoid
conducting such evaluations
when s/he has served in a
therapeutic role for the child
or their family
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15
Q
What 4 conditions must
be met in order for a
client to bring a claim of
malpractice against a
psychologist?
A
1. Psychologist must have had a
professional relationship with the
person; 2. Must be a demonstrable
standard of care breached by
psychologist; 3. Person suffered
harm or injury; 4. Harm or injury
was proximally caused by
psychologist's breach of duty within
context of standard of care
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16
Q
Is it ever appropriate for
a psychologist to pay,
receive payment from,
or divide fees with
another professional for
referring them a client?
A
No, this is unethical. All
payments in such
situations must be based
on the services provided
(e.g., clinical, consultative,
administrative)
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17
Q
What legal decision
originally established a
psychologists "duty to
warn," which later
became a "duty to
protect?"
A
The Tarasoff
Decision, which
regards a client's
admission of intent to
harm another person
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18
Q
Bartering is
allowed only if
what two
conditions are
met?
A
  1. It is not clinically
    contraindicated; 2.
    It is not exploitative
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19
Q
In a legal proceeding, if a defendant
lacks sufficient present ability to
consult with his lawyer with a
reasonable degree of rational
understanding, and a rational as
well as a factual understanding of
the proceedings against him/her,
s/he is deemed \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A

Incompetent

to stand trial

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20
Q
A person who by reason of
education or specialized experience
possesses superior knowledge
regarding a subject about which
persons having no particular
training are incapable of forming an
accurate opinion or deducing
correct conclusions is referred to as
an \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A

Expert

Witness

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21
Q
A \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ refers to a
person who testifies as to
what they saw, heard, or
otherwise observed
regarding a circumstance,
event or occurrence as it
actually took place.
A

Fact

Witness

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22
Q
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ are allowed
to offer professional
opinions and provide
testimony based on
hypothetical scenarios,
while \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ cannot.
A

Expert
Witnesses;
Fact Witnesses

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23
Q
When taking on a
new therapy client,
when should a
psychologist obtain
informed consent?
A
As early as is feasible- should
include nature and anticipated
course of therapy, fees, 3rd
party involvement, limits of
confidentiality, and provide
client opportunity to ask
questions and receive answers
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24
Q
Are psychologists
required by the
Ethics Code to
provide Pro Bono
services?
A
No, however the
General Principles,
which are
aspirational in
nature, promote it
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25
Q
Is it ethical for
psychologists to
engage in sexual
behavior with students
or supervisees?
A
No. In fact, it is unethical
for a psychologist to
engage in sexual
relations with anyone
they are likely to have
evaluative authority over
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26
Q

The Client Welfare
standard of the
APA Ethics Code
requires what?

A
That reasonable steps are
taken by psychologists to
avoid and minimize harm
to clients, students,
research participants, and
others with whom they
work
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27
Q
What conditions
must be met for
deception to
ethically be used in
research?
A
1. Deception is justified by the study's
prospective scientific, educational,
applied value and effective nondeceptive
alternatives are not feasible; 2.
Participants are not deceived about
conditions that might cause significant
pain or emotional distress; 3. Participants
are debriefed preferably at end of their
participation, but no later than conclusion
of data collection
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28
Q
The "Guidelines for
Providers of Psychological
Services to Ethnic,
Linguistic, and Culturally
Diverse Populations"
presents principles that
are \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ in nature.
A

Aspirational

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29
Q
Psychologists are
to refrain from
entering into a
multiple
relationship when?
A
If the relationship can be
reasonably expected to
impair the psychologist's
objectivity, competence, or
effectiveness, or otherwise
risks exploitation or harm
to the client
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30
Q
What is the first
step a psychologist
should take when
they receive a
subpoena?
A

Determine if the
subpoena is a
legally valid
demand

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31
Q
Following an evaluation,
are psychologists
allowed to provide
clients with raw test data
if the client requests it?
A
Yes, it would unethical not
to do so. However, there
are some exceptions if the
psychologist believes the
test data could harm the
client
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32
Q
True or False: In some
situations, it is ethical for
a psychologist to
withhold reporting a
case of known child
abuse?
A
False. All jurisdictions
require psychologists
to report known cases
of child abuse to the
appropriate authorities
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33
Q
Is it ethical or unethical to deny
employment, admission to
academic or other programs,
advancement, or promotion to
someone who has previously
made or been the subject of an
ethics complaint?
A

Unethical

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34
Q

What is FERPA
(Family Education
Rights and Privacy
Act of 1974)?

A
It prohibits educational institutions
receiving federal funds from
disclosing personally identifying
information from student records
without the consent of the the
student or legal guardian (if under
18); also grants right to inspect
one's educational records
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35
Q

Sliding fee scales are
generally considered
acceptable as long as
they are ________.

A

Fair and serve
the best
interests of the
client

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36
Q
In deciding whether to
provide services to a
person already receiving
mental health services
elsewhere, what should a
psychologist consider?
A
The treatment issues and
the potential client's
welfare. These issues are
discussed with the client
and the psychologist
should proceed with
caution
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37
Q
Psychologists are to act
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ when
teaching, supervising,
and designing education
and training programs.
A

Competently;

Responsibly

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38
Q
In-person solicitation of
business from actual or
potential therapy clients
or other persons is
unethical when it
involves what?
A
Solicitation of people
who, due to their
particular
circumstances, are
vulnerable to undue
influence
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39
Q
True or False: Psychologists
can base
assessment/intervention
decisions or recommendations
on tests, measures, data, or
test results that are outdated or
obsolete?
A
False. Only tests
that are useful to
the current
purpose can be
used ethically
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40
Q
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ refers to the
obligation of psychologists
to protect clients from
unauthorized disclosure of
information revealed in the
context of the professional
relationship.
A

Confidentiality

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41
Q
These were adopted as
a means of
self-regulation in the
public interest, and its
provisions are general
and aspirational.
A
The General
Guidelines for
Providers of
Psychological
Services
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42
Q
When it becomes reasonably
clear that a client no longer
needs services, is unlikely to
benefit, or is being harmed by
continued services, what is the
psychologist's best course of
action?
A

Terminate

therapy

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43
Q
Upon termination,
what does the
Ethics Code state
a psychologist
should do?
A

Provide pretermination
counseling and suggest
alternative service
providers as appropriate

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44
Q
APA's Record
Keeping Guidelines
specifies that records
of psychological
services must include:
A
identifying data, dates of
service, types of
service, fees,
assessment reports and
intervention plans, and
releases of information
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45
Q
The Specialty Guidelines for
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ does not define
minimum qualifications in terms
of education, as other Specialty
Guidelines do, but rather
focuses on professional
practice issues in the context of
forensic work.
A

Forensic

Psychologists

46
Q
What must a
psychologist do
before using a
collection agency to
collect unpaid fees?
A
Inform the client that
such measures will be
taken and provide that
person an opportunity to
make prompt payment
47
Q
The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ evaluates
the knowledge that should
have been acquired by
any candidate seeking
licensure to practice
psychology.
A
Examination for
Professional
Practice in
Psychology
(EPPP)
48
Q
When providing services
to a person legally
incapable of giving
informed consent, what
should the psychologist
do?
A
Provide an appropriate
explanation, seek the
person's assent, consider
the person's preferences
and best interests, and
obtain permission from a
legally authorized person
49
Q
A psychologist whose
personal problems are
preventing them from
competently performing
work-related activities
should take what steps?
A
Take appropriate
measures (e.g., obtain
consultation or assistance)
and determine whether
they should limit, suspend,
or terminate their
work-related duties
50
Q

Is it ever ethical
to have sexual
relationships with
a former client?

A
Yes, though only after 2
years and in the "most
unusual circumstances;" in
such cases, the
psychologists must prove
that the relationship is not
harmful.
51
Q
Is it ethical or unethical
for a psychologist to
provide therapy to a
person they previously
had sexual relations
with?
A

Unethical- this is
absolute; there
are no time limits
or exceptions

52
Q
The concept that
supervisors/employers
may be legally responsible
for the actions of their
supervisees/employees is
called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A

Vicarious
Liability, or
respondent
superior

53
Q
What is the
primary value
underlying the
existence of
Ethical Principles?
A
The advancement
and protection of
the welfare of the
patients and clients
of psychologists
54
Q
If an ethical issue is
not addressed in the
Ethics Code, it
indicates what about
any related conduct?
A

It may be
ethical or
unethical

55
Q
You're contacted by the APA
Ethics Committee in regards to
a complaint filed against you by
a client. They ask for your
records related to the client's
therapy with you. What should
you do?
A
Cooperate fully with the
Committee's request.
Confidentiality is not an issue
since the committee must
obtain a signed waiver of
confidentiality from the
complainant before it takes any
action
56
Q
As a psychologist, what
would you do if you arrived
early to the office one
morning to find a
colleague having sex with
one of his/her current
clients?
A
Report him to the ethics
committee, as this
violation is not amenable
to informal resolution,
making sure to protect the
client's confidentiality
rights
57
Q
What is a psychologist
to do if a client
informs them that s/he
had sex with a
previous therapist?
A
Outline the client's
rights and options
regarding legal
actions and ethical
complaints
58
Q
What is a psychologist's
best option if s/he wants
to work with clients from
an ethnic group s/he
has not worked with
before?
A
Seek supervision
and/or consultation
before taking on such
clients and while
working with them
59
Q
A psychologist who has been
having marital problems begins
to notice that during marital
therapy with his clients he is
tending to agree more with the
husband's perspective. He
should:
A
Seek consultation- the Code
requires psychologists who
become aware of personal
problems that may interfere
with adequate performance in
their work to take appropriate
measures
60
Q

When might the
use of interpreters
in psychotherapy
be ethical?

A

When steps have been
taken to avoid a multiple
relationship between the
interpreter and the client

61
Q
True or False: It is
unethical to utilize an
interpreter without first
having them sign a
confidentiality
agreement?
A
False. While a good idea
to discuss the importance
of maintaining
confidentiality, there is no
ethical standard requiring
an interpreter to sign such
an agreement
62
Q
A psychologist is dating a
graduate student in his
class who is older than
other students and has
returned to school after 15
years. The psychologists
behavior is:
A
Unethical, regardless of
whether sex is involved,
because it is a dual
relationship with clear
potential for harm or
exploitation
63
Q
What should a
psychologist to do if a
client they are seeing on
condition of probation
says s/he wants to
terminate therapy?
A
Tell the client s/he has
the right to leave, but
explain the legal
ramifications of doing
so
64
Q
In your capacity as an
Industrial Psychologist you
observe repeated
incidents of sexual
harassment. What is your
best course of action?
A
Observe the incidents and,
if possible, take active
steps to intervene- the
Code states that
psychologists attempt to
"minimize harm to those
with whom they work"
65
Q
A psychologist is seeing a family and
notices bruises on the son's body. The
parents say a pediatrician saw him, but
they forgot to mention the bruises to her.
When asked how the child got inured, the
parents say he "fell down the stairs" and
provide no further details. The boy is
silent and withdrawn. What should the
psychologist do?
A
File a child abuse report
with the appropriate
state agency, as there is
reasonable suspicion of
ongoing child abuse
66
Q
A client you know owns
a gun and has a history
of violent behavior tells
you he is planning to
shoot his ex-girlfriend.
You should:
A
Warn the police
and attempt to
warn the
ex-girlfriend, per
"duty to protect"
67
Q
A client who is HIV+ claims
that s/he has been engaging
in casual unprotected sex
with various partners. Is this
sufficient ground to break
confidentiality and notify the
authorities?
A
No. APA states disclosure is
permitted if (1) there is an
identifiable 3rd party who is at
risk, (2) the 3rd party is
unaware s/he is at risk, and (3)
the client has refused or is not
considered reliable to inform
the 3rd party
68
Q
As an Army psychologist,
a General asks you
questions about a Colonel
you have evaluated. What
is the ethical way to
respond?
A
Get a signed release from
the client before providing
any information- the
Colonel is likely aware that
refusing to provide such
information may lead to
negative consequences
69
Q
According to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_,
psychologists must
notify their clients how
they may use the
clients' personal health
information.
A

Health Insurance
Portability and
Accountability Act
of 1996 (HIPAA)

70
Q
According to HIPPA,
when might a
psychologist be
considered a
"covered entity?"
A

If they transmit
certain client
information
electronically

71
Q

“Psychotherapy
notes,” as defined
by HIPAA, refers
to what?

A
Notes recorded in any medium
by a mental health professional
documenting or analyzing the
contents of conversation during
a private counseling sessionthey
are not considered a part
of a client's Protected Health
Information (PHI)
72
Q
A psychologist
publishes an ad
promising "guaranteed
results." What is true
about this ad?
A
It is unethical because it
is misleading and may
engender unduly
optimistic expectations
of positive results
73
Q

What must
brochures for
workshops
always include?

A

A description
of the intended
audience

74
Q
You routinely waive the
co-payment of less
wealthy clients who are
insured, since you offer
clients without insurance
a sliding scale. This is:
A
Unethical and
illegal since the
insurance
company has not
been informed
75
Q
When would it be ethical
for a psychology
professor to modify a
course syllabus several
weeks after the course
began?
A
When the students are
made aware of these
modifications in a
manner that enables
them to fulfill course
requirements
76
Q
Is it ethical for a
psychologist to engage in
a sexual relationship with
a student after the course
has been completed and
grades submitted?
A
No, as it is likely the
student is still in the
department and, thus,
the professor maintains
"evaluative authority"
77
Q
When evaluating
students and
supervisees,
psychologists must
do what?
A
Base their evaluation on
relevant and established
program requirements, provide
timely feedback, and provide
information about the
evaluation process at the
beginning of supervision
78
Q

When is informed
consent to
research not
necessary?

A
When dispensing with it
clearly poses no harm or is
scientifically justifiable,
such as in naturalistic
observation or anonymous
questionnaires
79
Q

Is it ever ethical to
kill an animal that
has been used for
research?

A

Yes, if it is done
rapidly and with
an effort to
minimize pain

80
Q
You are asked by an
attorney to evaluate a
divorced woman's
competence as a parent
during a custody dispute.
As an ethical psychologist,
you should:
A
Evaluate the client,
the children, and
the husband
before filing a
report
81
Q

A forensic psychologist is ordered by the
court to evaluate a celebrity accused of
assault and battery. Part of the evaluation
is used in the trial and becomes a matter
of public record. At the end of the trial, in
which the defendant was found guilty, the
psychologist writes a book including
information about parts of the evaluation
not discussed in court. These actions are:

A
Unethical but legal, as
information disclosed
in court-ordered
evaluations are not
privileged
82
Q
It is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ to train
and allow an assistant
with a B.A. in sociology
to administer, interpret,
and write a report on the
WAIS-IV.
A
Unethical, as the
assistant is clearly
unqualified to
perform such
duties
83
Q
After a psychologist
administers multiple tests
to a client, she asks to see
the results. What's the
best course of action in
such situations?
A
Provide the client with
an oral and written
summary of the results
in clear, understandable
language
84
Q
True or False: Regarding
confidentiality in group
therapy, group members
are on their own honor to
maintain confidentiality?
A
True. Group members
have no legally or ethically
enforceable obligation to
maintain the confidence of
what they hear from other
group members
85
Q
What should a
psychologist do if a man
being seen in marital
therapy requests
individual treatment?
A
He should be referred
to another therapist
due to potential for
conflict between the
psychologist's roles
86
Q
When regular
consultation with a
supervisor about a
client is done, what
must occur?
A

The client must
be informed that
the therapist is
being supervised

87
Q
If an experimental
psychologist wants
to become a clinical
psychologist, what
must s/he do?
A
Obtain appropriate
coursework and
experience,
including practica
and internship
88
Q
What is the primary
purpose of the
Specialty Guidelines
for the Delivery of
Services?
A

Educate the
public and
advance the
profession

89
Q
The primary purpose
of the Standards for
Educational and
Psychological
Testing is what?
A

To provide criteria
for evaluating
whether tests are
properly used

90
Q
The Standards for
Educational and
Psychological Testing
suggest reporting test
scores in terms of
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A

Confidence
intervals, or
percentile
bands

91
Q
Generally,
protecting the
welfare of the
public is their
primary purpose.
A

State
licensing
boards

92
Q
It is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ to sell
questions that
appear on the
licensing exam.
A
Illegal and
unethical, as it
violates both test
security and
copyright laws
93
Q
A college counselor informed the
mother of a 17 y/o of a recent
suicide attempt he made. The
counselor contended she was
acting in the client's best interest in
light of his refusal to seek
professional help. Were the
counselor's actions ethical?
A
According to the
Ethics Code, yes,
because the
student is a minor
at risk of suicide
94
Q
True or False: When a
grievance is file, state
boards can provide you
feedback on
performance on specific
questions of the EPPP?
A
False. They can provide
one's score, the passing
score, the mean,
standard deviation, and
other descriptive
information
95
Q
If a psychologist undertakes
an experiment that might
have some negative adverse
side-effects to participants but
still feels the possible findings
are worth the risk, she
should:
A
Seek approval from the
appropriate Institutional
Review Board (IRB) and
inform participants of all
potential risks via
informed consent
96
Q
It is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ for a university
professor to omit areas of
research in a course he's
teaching because the research
does not fit well with his
orientation and does not
support his theory.
A

Unethical as the
professor’s
behavior is likely to
mislead students

97
Q
A psychologist opening
a mental health clinic in
a rural area serving a
Native American
population would be
well-advised to:
A

Include medicine
men from the tribe
as consultants and
mediators

98
Q
A psychologist is
ethically required
to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ after
completing testing
with a client.
A

Provide
appropriate
explanation of
results

99
Q
Is it ethical for a
psychologist to routinely
administer personality
tests during the initial
phase of a treatment
relationship?
A

No, this is
unethical, as there
must be a valid
reason for testing

100
Q
As a psychologist, you are
asked by the attorney of a
mother to evaluate the mother
and her child, however the child
lives with the father, who is the
custodial parent. What should
you do?
A

Determine if the
father knows about
and has consented
to the evaluation

101
Q
A psychologist in a rural
community is asked to treat a
man with Agoraphobia. While
the psychologist has treated
other anxiety disorders, she
has never treated Agoraphobia.
She should:
A
Treat the woman while
making reasonable effort
to obtain the competence
required by using relevant
research, training,
consultation, or study
102
Q
What should a
psychologist do if a person
in an emergency situation
presents to therapy for an
issue the psychologist has
no relevant experience
working with?
A
Meet with the person
but refer to a more
qualified psychologist as
soon as possible, or
when the emergency
has ended
103
Q
During the third
psychotherapy session
with a client the
psychologist realizes the
client is the principal at his
daughter's school. What
should he do?
A
Discuss the situation with the
client and assess whether the
dual relationship could be
expected to impair objectivity,
competence, or effectiveness
or result in client exploitation or
harm
104
Q
Psychologists who
provide services
over the internet
must inform clients
of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A

The risks

to privacy

105
Q
What conditions are
required for a graduate
psychology program to
require students to
participate in
psychotherapy?
A
1. Students are given the option of
receiving therapy from practitioners
unaffiliated with the program; 2.
Faculty with evaluative authority
must not provide the therapy; 3.
The requirement must be clearly
described in the program's
description
106
Q
This term refers to
negligent failure, resulting
in harm to the client, to
meet the duty to a client
that arises out of a
professional relationship.
A

Malpractice

107
Q

What are the 4
stages of the
ethical complaint
process?

A

Inquiry,
Investigation,
Adjudication,
Appeal

108
Q
If a psychologist's offense is
inappropriate but not clearly
unethical, they are likely to be
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ by the Ethics
Committee, whereas they will
receive a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ if the
behavior is unethical.
A

Advised;

Warning

109
Q
A psychologist will receive
a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ from the
Ethics Committee if his/her
actions are unethical but
the consequences are
minor.
A

Reprimand

110
Q
What might the Ethics
Committee do if a
psychologist's actions
cause harm and are
deliberate or persistent?
A

Censure

111
Q
The Ethics Committee
recommends \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
in cases where a
psychologist's behavior
is both unethical and
harmful.
A

Time-limited

resignation

112
Q
If a psychologist's offense
is so injurious and severe
that s/he is deemed
unrehabilitable, the Ethics
Committee is likely to
recommend \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A

Expulsion