Key Terms Ch 1 and 5 and Lecture August 15

Question 1

adipose

Answer 1

fat

Question 2

anatomy and its four types

Answer 2

the form and structure of the body and its parts

1. microscopic
2. macroscopic
3. regional
4. systemic

Question 3

anterior

Answer 3

directional term- towards the front (human body)

Other term is ventral- towards the belly (animal)

Question 4

barrel

Answer 4

trunk of the body- formed by the rib cage and abdomen

Question 5

bilateral symmetry

Answer 5

the L and R halves of an animal’s body are mirror images of each other. Paired structures (kidneys) are located one on each side of the body. Single structures (heart) are located near the median plane

Question 6

brisket

Answer 6

area at the base of the neck between the front legs that covers the cranial end of the sternum

Question 7

cannon (bones)

Answer 7

the large metacarpal and metatarsal bones of the horse

Question 8

cardiac muscle

Answer 8

striated, involuntary muscle that is found exclusively in the heart. Cardiac muscle is influenced by the autonomic nervous system. It has one centrally located nucleus and intercalated discs that form special connections between the muscle branches.

Question 9

carpus

Answer 9

the joint composed of the carpal bones. Referred to a the “knee” of the horse and the “wrist” of humans

Question 10

caudal

Answer 10

directional term- toward the tail end of an animal

Question 11

connective tissue

Answer 11

tissue made up of cells and extracellular substances that connect and support cells and other tissues

Question 12

cranial

Answer 12

directional term- toward the head of an animal

Question 13

cranium

Answer 13

the cranial portion of the dorsal body cavity, formed from several skull bones. Houses and protects the brain

Question 14

deep (internal)

Answer 14

toward the center of the body or body part

Question 15

digestive system

Answer 15

collection of organs that take in, digest, and absorb food for use by the body to maintain health and normal function. Includes all structures of the mouth, esophagus, stomach, and small and large intestines. (accessory organs such as gallbladder and pancreas provide secretions that aid in chemical part of the process)

Question 16

distal

Answer 16

directional term- extremeties of the body (implies a position/direction away from the body proper)

Question 17

dorsal

Answer 17

directional term- toward the top of an animal when standing on all four legs; toward the backbone

Question 18

dorsal body cavity

Answer 18

space in the skull and spinal column that contains brain and spinal cord. (Cranium/spinal canal)

Question 19

dorsal plane

Answer 19

divides the body into dorsal and ventral parts not necessarily equal

Question 20

epithelial tissue

Answer 20

collection of tissues that are made up of layers of cells that line and cover body surfaces. Cells may be single or multilayered and can regenerate quickly.

Question 21

equilibrium

Answer 21

(1) balance of solutes and solution between the in and out of a cell. (state of equilibrium between concentrations)
(2) the sense that helps an animal maintain balance by keeping track of position/movements of its head

Question 22

external

Answer 22

alternative directional term for “superficial.” Toward the surface of the body or body part

Question 23

fetlock

Answer 23

joint between the large metacarpal or metatarsal and the proximal phalanx. The proximal sesamoid bones are located on the palmar or plantar surface of this joint.

Question 24

fight or flight system

Answer 24

a whole-body response resulting from an animal feeling threatened that prepares the body for intense physical activity. Results from combination of direct sympathetic nerve stimulation and the release of epinephrine and norepinephrine into the bloodstream from the medulla of the adrenal gland. Effects in the body include increased heart rate and output, increased blood pressure, dilated air passageways in the lungs, and decreased gastrointestinal function.