Chapter 7 Vocab Set 159-189 Flashcards
the end of a long bone. Each long bone has a proximal and a distal […]
epiphysis
a skull bone, internal bone of the cranium, located just rostral of the sphenoid bone and contains the cribriform plate which transmits the many branches of the olfactory nerve to the olfactory bulb of the brain
ethmoid bone
the paranasal sinus in the ethmoid bone of a horse or human
ethmoidal sinus
the joint movement that increases the angle between two bones
extension
The junction between two bones. Can be completely immovable (fibrous), slightly movable (cartilaginous), or freely movable (synovial)
Joint
one of two small sesamoid bones locate in the proximal gastrocnemius muscle tendon just above and behind the femoral condyles of dogs and cats
fabella
the most proximal joint of the equine digit which is between the large matacarpal or metatarsal and the proximal phalanx.
fetlock joint
an immovable joint also known as a synarthrosis. The bones are firmly united by fibrous tissue. The sutures that unite most of the skull bones are these
fibrous joint
a thin bone located beside the tibia in the lower region of the pelvic limn. Complete bone in the dog and cat but only the proximal and distal ends are present in horses and cattle. It does not support any appreciable weight and mainly acts as a muscle attachment site
fibula
The membrane that encloses the ends of the bones in a synovial joint. Consists of an outer fibrous membrane and an inner synovial membrane that produces viscous synovial fluid which lubricates the joint surfaces
Joint capsule
a hinge joint in which one articular surface swivels around another. the only movements possible are flexion and extension
ginglymus joint
a arthrodial joint in which two flat articular surfaces rock on each other. Example: the carpus
gliding joint
the epiphyseal plate of a long bone located at the junction of the proximal and distal epiphyses with the diaphysis Areas where long bones increase in length by the process of endochondral bone formation. When an animal reaches its full size the growth plates of its bones completely ossify and the bones cease their growth.
growth plate
the central canal that runs the length of a Haversian system and contains the blood vessels, lymph vessels, and nerves that supply and nourish the osteocytes.
haversian canal
the microscopic laminated cylinders of bone that make up compact bone. Orientated lengthwise in a long bone, this consists of a central Haverisan canal surrounded by concentric layers of bone. Osteocytes in their alcunae are present in the junctions of the bony layers of this.
haversian system
a joint where one surface swivels around another like a door hinge; also called a ginglymus joint. The only movements possible are flexion and extension. Example: elbow joint
hinge joint
a disorder of the hip joint in which the normally tight fitting ball and socket hip joint is abnormally loose. The laxity of this allows the head of the femur to rattle around int he acetabulum, resulting in damage to the joint surfaces and osteoarthritis development. Movement causes pain.
hip dysplasia
ankle joint or tarsus; joins the tibiotarsus and the tarsometatarsus of birds
hock
the joint movement that decreases the angle between two bones
flexion
the fluid-filled potential space between the joint surface of a synovial joint. It is normally filled by the viscous, lubricating fluid produced by the synovial membrane lining of the joint capsule
joint cavity/space
bands of fibrous connective tissue that are present in and around many synovial joints. When present, ligaments connect the bones of the joint to each other
ligaments
one of two concave, half moon-shaped, cartilaginous structures on the proximal surface of the tibia that help support the condyles of the femur
meniscus
the bones of the forelimb that lie between the carpal bones and phalanges
metacarpal bones
the bones of the pelvic limbs located between the tarsus and the phalanges
metatarsal bone
the distal sesamoid bone of the horse. It is located deep in the hoof behind the joint between the middle and distal phalanges
navicular bone
a pair of large holes in the pelvis located on either side of the pelvic symphysis. The role of this seems to be to lighten the pelvis because no large nerves or vessels pass through them
obturator foramina
the large process on the proximal end of the ulna that forms the point of the elbow. It is the site where the tendon of the powerful triceps brachii muscle attaches
olecranon process
the visceral bone in the heart of cattle that helps support the valves of the heart
os cordis
the visceral bone in the penis of dogs that partially surrounds the penile portion of the urethra
os penis
the visceral bone in the snout of swine that strengthens it for the rooting behavior of pigs
os rostri
