Chapter 7 Vocabulary Set 1-30

Question 1

Osteoblasts harden the matrix by infiltrating it with calcium and phosphate in the form of hydroxyapatite crystals that give bone it’s characteristic hardness.

Answer 1

Ossification

Question 2

the cells that produce bone

Answer 2

osteoblasts

Question 3

Mature bone cell located in the ossified matrix (lacunae)

Answer 3

osteocytes

Question 4

Tiny channels through the bone through which the osteocytes get food and communicate with eachother

Answer 4

Canaliculi

Question 5

A hard intercellular substance that embeds the sparse population of cells that make up bone

Answer 5

Matrix

Question 6

Functions of bones

Answer 6

Support, protection, leverage, storage, blood cell formation sites

Question 7

Functions of calcium

Answer 7

Muscle contraction, blood clotting, milk secretion, skeleton formation and maintenance

Question 8

Hormone from the thyroid gland that helps prevent hypercalcemia- too high a level of calcium in the blood

Answer 8

Calcitonin

Question 9

Hormone from the thyroid gland that helps prevent hypocalcemia- too low a level of calcium in the blood

Answer 9

Parathyroid hormone

Question 10

Hormones involved in the regulation of calcium levels in the body

Answer 10

Calcitrophic

Question 11

Large, multinuclear cells of the bone that absorb bone and reshape and remodel damaged bones

Answer 11

Osteoclasts

Question 12

The depositing and withdrawal of calcium from the bones as needed to meet the body’s needs. Regulated by two calciotropic hormes: calcitonin, parathyroid

Answer 12

Calcium homeostasis

Question 13

Blood cell formation

Answer 13

Hematopoiesis

Question 14

Type of bone that is light, spongy, and composed of a seemingly random arrangement of spicules of bone separated by spaces filled with bone marrow. Appears spongelike. Found in the ends of long bones and interiors of short, flat, and irregular bones

Answer 14

Cancellous bone

Question 15

Type of bone that is heavy, dense, and made up of tiny, tightly compacted, laminated cylinders of bone called haversian systems. It makes up the shafts of long bones and the outer surfaces of all bones

Answer 15

Compact bone

Question 16

Small cavities within the matrix of some connective tissues such as cartilage and bone, within which cells (chondrocytes and osteocytes) are contained
(Ossified matrix)

Answer 16

Lacuna(e)

Question 17

The microscopic, laminated cylinders of bone that make up compact bone. Orientated lengthwise in a long bone, and consists of a central Haversian canal surrounded by concentric layers of bone. Osteocytes in their lacuna are present st the junctions of the bony layers of the Haversian system.

Answer 17

Haversian systems

Question 18

joint surfaces: smooth areas of compact bone where bones come in contact with eachother to form joints. Each articular surface is covered by a smooth, thin layer of hyaline cartilage -articular cartilage. These help reduce friction and wear in joints

Answer 18

Articular surfaces

Question 19

a membrane that covers the outer surfaces of bones. Its outer surface is composed of fibrous tissue, and its inner surface contains osteoblasts. This inner layer enables bones to increase in diameter, and is involved in the healing of bone fractures.

Answer 19

periosteum

Question 20

a membrane that lines the hollow interior surface of bones and also contains osteoblasts

Answer 20

endosteum

Question 21

tiny channels in the bone matrix through which the bone’s supply of blood vessels come through. Positioned at right angles to the long axis of the bone and at right angles to the Haversian canals.

Answer 21

Volkmann’s canals

Question 22

large channels that carry blood in and out of the bone marrow. On xray, it may resemble a crack-type fracture of the bone cortex

Answer 22

nutrient foramina

Question 23

the outer layer of a bone that is composed of compact bone

Answer 23

bone cortex

Question 24

The body creates a cartilage “template” that is subsequently replaced by bone. In long bones, bone begins developing in the shaft or diaphysis of the cartilage rod in the primary growth center. Cartilage is removed gradually as bone is created and the growth center expands. Secondary growth centers develop in the ends or epiphyses of the bone.

Answer 24

endochondral or cartilage bone formation

Question 25

the long bone of the thigh regions that forms the hip point with the pelvis at its proximal end and the stifle joint with the tibia at its distal end

Answer 25

femur

Question 26

shaft or central part of a long bone/ cartilage rod

Answer 26

diaphysis

Question 27

the end part of a long bone

Answer 27

epiphyses

Question 28

the main growth area of a bone developing by the endochondrial (cartilage) method. They are the areas of bone development that are located in the main portions of the cartilage rod bone templates in a developing fetus.

Answer 28

primary growth center

Question 29

Secondary areas of growth in bones developing by the endochondral (cartilage) method. They are areas of bone development located outside the main portions of the cartilaginous bone templates in a developing fetus

Answer 29

secondary growth center

Question 30

the growth plate of a long bone. Located at the junction of the proximal and distal epiphyses with the diaphysis. They are areas where long bones increase in length by the process of endochondral bone formation. When an animal reaches its full size, the epiphyseal plates of its bones completely ossify and the bones cease their growth

Answer 30

epiphyseal plate