Important Terms for Midterm PART 2

Question 1

Cell division of somatic cells for growth and to replace old or dead cells; the type of cell division that occurs in all body cells except the reproductive cells. When cells divide by mitosis, the chromosomes first duplicate themselves and then pull apart into two daughter cells This preserves the diploid chromosome number.

Answer 1

Mitosis

Question 2

the reduction division that reproductive cells undergo during their development. It results in a reduction of the chromosome number from the normal diploid number to the haploid number (half of the diploid number)

Answer 2

Meiosis

Question 3

mitosis involves the division of body cells while meiosis involves the division of sex cells. Mitosis has one cell division, meiosis has two. (two daughter cells produced vs 4 daughter cells produced)

Answer 3

Difference between mitosis and meiosis?

Question 4

a collection of tissues that support the body and enable it to move, thermoregulate, and transport materials. Some muscles may be controlled voluntarily, whereas others act involuntarily. Examples of involuntary muscle include cardiac and smooth muscle; voluntary muscle includes all of the skeletal muscles.

Answer 4

Muscle tissue

Question 5

a collection of tissues that collect process, and convey information. Nervous tissue includes the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. Sensory (afferent) nerves convey information about the body’s surroundings to the brain, whereas motor (efferent) nerves send instructions from the brain to the body. Some nervous tissues, called mixed nerves, can perform both functions.

Answer 5

Nervous tissue

Question 6

a group of tissues that work together for common purposes

Answer 6

Organ

Question 7

the caudal surface of the forelimb from the carpus distally

Answer 7

Palmar

Question 8

the layer of pleura or peritoneum that lines the thorax or abdomen, respectively

Answer 8

Parietal layer

Question 9

area of the proximal phalanx of hoofed animals

Answer 9

Pastern

Question 10

the study of the functions of the animal body and its parts. Through physiology, we can describe how parts of the body work and what their functions are

Answer 10

Physiology

Question 11

any of four basic imaginary slices through an animal body oriented at right angles to each other. They provide points or areas of reference for descriptions of direction or location. The four anatomic planes of reference are the saggital, median, transverse, and dorsal plane.

Answer 11

Plane of reference

Question 12

the caudal surface of the hindlimb from the tarsus distally

Answer 12

Plantar

Question 13

the thin membrane in the thoracic cavity that covers the thoracic organs (the visceral layer of pleura) and lines the thoracic cavity (the parietal layer of pleura). A potential space between the two layers contains a small amount of lubricating fluid that allows the thoracic structures to slide smoothly over each other as they and the thorax itself move.

Answer 13

Pleura

Question 14

top of the head between the bases of the ears

Answer 14

Poll

Question 15

a directional term meaning toward the back of a human body

Answer 15

Posterier

Question 16

a directional term used only for the extremities of the body. It implies a position or direction toward the body proper.

Answer 16

Proximal

Question 17

lying down, especially in a position of comfort or rest

Answer 17

Recumbency

Question 18

a directional term- toward the bottom surface of an animal when it is standing on all four legs; toward the belly

Answer 18

Ventral

Question 19

branch of anatomy dealing with regions of the body, especially with reference to diagnosis and treatment of disease or injury

Answer 19

Regional anatomy

Question 20

Towards the nose

Answer 20

Rostral

Question 21

runs lengthwise, dividing the body into left and right parts that are not necessarily equal halves

Answer 21

Sagittarius plane

Question 22

multinucleated, striated, voluntary muscle that enables conscious movement of an animal; the type of muscle that moves the bones of the skeleton and is under conscious control.

Answer 22

Skeletal muscle

Question 23

nonstriated, involuntary muscle having only one nucleus per cell; the type of muscle found in soft internal organs and structures. Smooth muscle gets its name because its cells do not have a striped appearance under the microscope, in contrast to skeletal and cardiac muscle cells. Smooth muscles not under conscious control .Smooth muscle is found in the digestive tract, where it assists with the movement of food through the gut (peristalsis).

Answer 23

Smooth muscle

Question 24

the long, flexible, caudal portion of the dorsal body cavity formed by the adjacent arches of the vertebrae of the spine. Houses and protects the spinal cord.

Answer 24

Spinal canal

Question 25

the joint between the femur and the tibia. In humans- knee joint

Answer 25

Stifle

Question 26

directional term- toward the head of a human

Answer 26

Superior

Question 27

groups of organs that are involved in a common set of activities

Answer 27

System

Question 28

a method of studying anatomy that examines each system of the body as a separate topic

Answer 28

Systematic anatomy

Question 29

dorsal part of the base of the tail

Answer 29

Tailhead

Question 30

the joint composed of the tarsal bones; referred to as the hock in most animals and the ankle in humans

Answer 30

Tarsus

Question 31

another name for the thoracic or chest cavity

Answer 31

Thorax

Question 32

a group of cells that are similar in structure and perform the same function. The four basic tissues are epithelial, connective, nervous, and muscle tissue

Answer 32

Tissue

Question 33

divides the body into cranial and caudal parts that are not necessarily equal

Answer 33

Transverse plane

Question 34

the large space in the body that is divided by the thin, sheetlike diaphragm muscle into the cranial thoracic cavity and caudal abdominal cavity

Answer 34

Ventral body cavity

Question 35

refers to the soft, internal organs enclosed within a body cavity, such as the lungs, kidneys, and intestines. The term is used to describe the organs of the abdominal and thoracic cavities.

Answer 35

Viscera

Question 36

the layer of pleura or peritoneum that lies directly on the surface of organs in the thorax or abdomen

Answer 36

Visceral layer

Question 37

area dorsal to the scapulas

Answer 37

Withers

Question 38

the last, most caudal sternebra

Answer 38

Xiphoid process