Exam 3 Prep

Question 1

nasal meatus

Answer 1

distinct air passages of the lateral nasal cavity located inferior to each nasal conchae

Question 2

tracheal ring

Answer 2

composed of hyaline cartilage. C-shaped and support the trachea

Question 3

the flow of oxygen from inspired air into an alveolar capillary is dependent on the

Answer 3

PO2 in the alveoli being higher than the PO2 in the capillary.

Question 4

Why is blood entering the heart dark red

Answer 4

because of the low oxygen and high carbon dioxide content

Question 5

Layers of the heart

Answer 5

epicardium- outer
myocardium- heart muscle
endocardium- inner

Question 6

Chordae tendineae

Answer 6

strong, fibrous connections between the valve leaflets and the papillary muscles. These are attached to the leaflets on to the ventricular side and prevent the cusps from swinging back into the atrial cavity during systole.

Question 7

one way valve blood vessels

Answer 7

veins

Question 8

systolic blood pressure

Answer 8

measures pressure in the arteries when the heart beats

Question 9

diastolic blood pressure

Answer 9

measures pressure in the arteries when the heart rests inbetween beats

Question 10

mediastinum

Answer 10

where the heart is located inbetween the two lungs

Question 11

muscle of heart

Answer 11

myocardium. Striated, involuntary cardiac.

Question 12

muscle of blood vessels

Answer 12

smooth muscle cells

Question 13

cardiac output is measured by

Answer 13

electromyography (EMG)

Question 14

Checking pulse on a cat

Answer 14

chest behind left front leg. or femoral artery in hind leg

Question 15

arterioles

Answer 15

a small branch of an artery leading into capillaries

Question 16

venule

Answer 16

a very small vein that collects blood from the capillaries

Question 17

Sounds of the heart and abnormal sounds

Answer 17

normal - lub dub. Lub- close valves. Dub- open valves
abnormal- heart murmer/ whooshing/swishing

Question 18

Where does the impulse of the heart start

Answer 18

pacemaker- right atrium sinoatrial node (SA node)

Question 19

apex of the heart

Answer 19

the pointed end that is located more ventrally tilted. Helps pump out blood through ventricles

Question 20

Functions of each heart chamber

Answer 20

Right atrium- receives blood low in oxygen from the body and then empties the blood into the right ventricle.
Left atrium- receives blood full of oxygen from the lungs and then empties the blood into the left ventricle.
Right ventricle- pumps blood low in oxygen to the lungs
Left ventricle- forces oxygenated blood through the aortic valve to be distributed to the entire body

Question 21

Where does pulmonary circulation start and end

Answer 21

start- right atrium
ends- left atrium

Question 22

Are the pulmonary artery branches high in oxygen or carbon dioxide?

Answer 22

low in oxygen, high in carbon dioxide

Question 23

Venipuncture in all species can take place where

Answer 23

jugular vein

Question 24

Where is the pulse on a horse taken

Answer 24

mandibular artery under the jaw

Question 25

autorhythmic muscle

Answer 25

specialized cardiac muscle cells that generate an action (gets the heart pumping) without external stimulation by nerve cells

Question 26

what are the bypasses in the fetal heart

Answer 26

foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus

Question 27

small intestines parts in order

Answer 27

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

Question 28

types of teeth

Answer 28

carnassial canines molars premolars incisors

Question 29

gases produced in rumen fermentation

Answer 29

methane

Question 30

pancreatic duct

Answer 30

a duct joining the pancreas to the common bile duct

Question 31

acute ruminal tympany

Answer 31

bloat, a disease of ruminant animals, characterized by an excessive volume of gas in the rumen

Question 32

liver

Answer 32

one of the largest and most sensitive organs, particularly in mammals. It receives a major part of intestinal blood and acts to regulate the blood glucose levels. Its primary functions are metabolic: maintenance of homeostasis, glucose and lipid energy.

Question 33

hindgut fermenter

Answer 33

Rhinos, rabbits, some rodents, koalas and horses

Question 34

sphincter

Answer 34

a ring of muscle surrounding and serving to guard or close an opening or tube, such as the anus or the openings of the stomach.

Question 35

pepsin

Answer 35

is an acidic protease that catalyzes the breakdown of proteins into peptides in the stomach

Question 36

peristalsis

Answer 36

the involuntary constriction and relaxation of the muscles of the intestine that pushes food through the intestine

Question 37

types of white blood cells

Answer 37

neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes

Question 38

hemoglobin

Answer 38

an iron-containing protein found in the blood that has an oxygen-transporting function and turns blood red.

Question 39

lymphatic system

Answer 39

Lymphatic vessels contain and transport lymph, which is collected from the tissues and organs of the body and released into large veins.

Question 40

spleen

Answer 40

an elongated and relatively flat organ that resides in the abdomen of mammals along the outer edge of the stomach. It has a tremendous blood supply that is closely attached to the blood supply supporting the stomach. It is the largest filter of blood in the body.

Question 41

cecum

Answer 41

a pouch connected to the junction of the small and large intestines.

Question 42

human blood types

Answer 42

A, B, AB, O

Question 43

alveioli

Answer 43

any of the many tiny air sacs of the lungs which allow for rapid gaseous exchange.

Question 44

acidemia

Answer 44

a condition in which the hydrogen-ion concentration in the blood is increased.

Question 45

differentiate the pharynx, larynx, trachea, esophagus

Answer 45

pharynx- both food and air pass through here larynx- voice box. opens into the trachea trachea- a large membranous tube reinforced by rings of cartilage, extending from the larynx to the bronchial tubes and conveying air to and from the lungs; the windpipe. esophagus- connects the throat to the stomach; muscular tube lined with mucous membrane

Question 46

bronchus

Answer 46

any of the major air passages of the lungs which diverge from the windpipe.

Question 47

pleura

Answer 47

the serous membrane that covers the thoracic organs and lines the internal wall of the thoracic cavity. The part that covers the lungs is the pulmonary or visceral pleura. The part that lines the thoracic wall is the parietal pleura.