Important Terms for Midterm PART 1 Flashcards
fat
adipose
the study of the form and structure of an animal body and its parts. Through anatomy we can describe where things are located in or on the animal body and what they look like
anatomy
A directional term meaning toward the front of a human body
anterior
trunk of the body- formed by the rib cage and the abdomen
barrel
the left and right halves of an animal’s body are mirror images of each other. Paired structures, such as the kidneys, are located one on each side of the body, and single structures, such as the heart, are located near the median plane
bilateral symmetry
Area at the base of the neck between the front legs that covers the cranial end of the sternum
brisket
the large metacarpal and metatarsal bones of the horse
cannon (bone)
striated, involuntary muscle exclusive to the heart. Influenced by the autonomic nerve system. Has one centrally-located nucleus and intercalated discs that form special connections between the muscle branches
cardiac muscle
the joint composed of the carpal bones. Referred to as the knee of the horse and the wrist of humans
carpus
directional term- toward the tail end of an animal
caudal
tissue made up of cells and extracellular substances that connect and support cells and other tissues
connective tissue
directional term meaning toward the head of an animal
cranial
the cranial portion of the dorsal body cavity, formed from several skull bones. Houses and protects the brain
cranium
directional term meaning toward the center of the body or body part
deep/internal
the collection of organs that take in, digest, and absorb food to maintain health. includes all structures of the mouth, esophagus, stomach, and small and large intestines. Accessory organs such as gallbladder and pancreas provide secretions that aid in the chemical part of the process
digestive system
directional term used only for extremities of the body. Implies a position or direction away from the body proper
distal
directional term- toward the top of an animal when standing on all four legs; toward the backbone
dorsal
the space in the skull and spinal column that contains the brain and spinal cord. Skull portion- cranium. Spinal column portion- spinal canal
dorsal body cavity
anatomic reference plane that divides the body into dorsal (upper) and ventral (lower) halves that are not necessarily equal
dorsal plane
a collection of tissues made up of layers of cells that line and cover body surfaces. cells may be in single layers or multilayered and can regenerate quickly
epithelial tissue
Balance of solutes and solution between the in and out of a cell OR the sense that helps an animal maintain its balance by keeping track of the position and movements of its head
equilibrium
towards the surface of the body or body part
external/superficial
the joint between the large metacarpal or metatarsal and the proximal phalanx
fetlock
a whole-body response from an animal feeling threatened that prepares the body for intense physical activity. Results from direct sympathetic nerve stimulation and the release of epinephrine and norepinephrine into the bloodstream from the medulla of the adrenal gland.
fight or flight system
lateral surface of the abdomen between the last rib and the hind legs
flank
the part of the digestive tube composed of the stomach, small and large intestine.
gastrointestinal tract
the study of body structures that are visible to the naked eye
gross anatomy
a state of normal anatomy and physiology that allows the body to function normally
health
ankle joint or tarsus; joins the tibiotarsus and the tarsometatarsus of birds
hock
a state of equilibrium maintained in the body by feedback and regulatory processes in response to internal and external changes; the maintenance of balance in the body
homeostasis
directional term- toward the lower portion of a human body
inferior
the first step in the healing process when the body is injured. Its purpose is the clean up the damages area through various inflammatory processes so healing can begin
inflammation
directional term- away from the median plane of the body
lateral
directional term- toward the median plan of the body
medial
sagittal plane that runs down the center of the body and divides it into equal left and right halves
median/midsaggital plane
the study of anatomic parts too small to be seen with the unaided eye such as cells and tissues
microscopic anatomy
