Key reforms/policies

Question 1

The development of comprehensives
1965-1975

Answer 1

• process of turning the tripartite system to being comprehensive schools which is comprehensivisation
• catchment areas determined where you went which which allowed different classes to mix

Question 2

Evaluation of the development of comprehensives

Answer 2

• exam results were better from comprehensive schools than grammar schools but the gap between m/c and w/c still remained
• catchment areas and single class schools
  
  • m/c went to m/c schools
  • w/c went to w/c schools

Question 3

Vocational/ work based education and training
1980s onwards

Answer 3

New vocationalism - process f introducing workplace based education
- training schemes
- apprenticeships
- qualifications e.g BTECs

Question 4

1988 Education Reform Act

Answer 4

Informed choice
- Ofsted - inspected schools and offers parents information about the school, high ofsted ratings attracts parents
- League tables - a comparison of schools based on the results their schools got and parents judged based on league tables

Competition
- Formula funding - changed how schools were funded as more students meant more money
- open enrollment - can choose what school their child attended
do not have to go to schools in their catchment areas

Question 5

Chubb and moe - marketisations

Answer 5

• suggested that schools need
  to act more like businesses in order to raise standards
• introduced market forces into the education system (choice and competition)
• parents could CHOOSE which school their child went to and schools are now in COMPETITION with each other

Question 6

Evaluation
ERA made education better because..

Answer 6

• Parentocracy - miriam david
  
  • made parents in power as their paying tax and gives parents a say on how their money is being spent so it increased standards

Question 7

Evaluation
ERA made education worse because

Answer 7

• cream skimming and silt shifting
  
  • those at the top of the league tables will want to attract those who will help them stay there and will sift out those who potentially wont help them in exam
• formula funding
  
  • schools are allocated funds by a formula based on how many pupils there are so they can get more funds meaning they can get better qualified teachers and resources - attracts more m/c students and means they can be selective
    HOWEVER - unpopular schools lose income and find it difficult to match the teacher skills and facilities of more successful schools, bottom of league tables so less students and less funding - leads to being rated badly by ofsted

Question 8

Evaluation 2
ERA made education worse because

Answer 8

Parental choice
- marketisation advantages the m/c parents whos educational and economic capital puts them in a better position to choose good schools

There are three types of parents
- privileged skilled choosers
-Disconnected local choosers
-semi skilled choosers

m/c parents have three capitals - social, cultural and economic