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Key Info Flashcards

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1
Q

Secondary indicative tenses

A

Imperfect
Perfect (english past tense)
Pluperfect

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2
Q

Cum always takes

A

The ablative case

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3
Q

De always takes

A

The ablative case

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4
Q

As an adverb et means

A

Even

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5
Q

Conditional sentences simple

A

Indicative in both clauses

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6
Q

Conditional sentences future indicative + future indicative

Si laborabit, pecuniam optabit

A

Future more vivid

If he works (present), he will desire money

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7
Q

Conditional sentences future perfect indicative +future indicative

A

Future exceptionally emphatic

IF he works (will have worked), he will desire money

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8
Q

Conditional sentences present subjunctive + present subjunctive

Si laboret, pecuniam optet

A

Future less vivid

If he should work, he would desire money

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9
Q

Conditional sentence imperfect subjunctive + imperfect subjunctive

A

Present contrary to fact

If he were working , he would be desiring money

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10
Q

Conditional sentence pluperfect subjunctive + pluperfect subjunctive

Si laboravisset, pecuniam optavisset

A

Past contrary to fact

If he had worked, he would have desired money

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11
Q

Whats important in terms of tenses in conditional sentences

A

Protasis action must be completed for that of the apodosis to occur

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12
Q

Genitive with verbs of accusing and condemning

A

Expresses the charge of the penalty

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13
Q

Puellam curae culpat

A

He blames the girl -for her- concern

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14
Q

Nautam pecuniae damnavit

A

He sentenced the sailor -to pay money-

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15
Q

A (ab) means “by” when

A

When representing living beings

“Away from” “by”

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16
Q

“Ad” goes with what case

A

“To” “towards”

Governs the accusative case

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17
Q

“Per” goes with what case

A

Goes with accusative (as it expresses motion towards)

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18
Q

When does “dubito” mean hesitate and doubt

A

Hesitate if with an infinitive

Otherwise doubt

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19
Q

Sub + accusative

A

Movement towards

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20
Q

Sub + ablative

A

Location is involved

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21
Q

Ablative without preposition

A

MEANS or INSTRUMENT by which something is done

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22
Q

Ablative with or without “cum”

A

WAY or MANNER in which something is done

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23
Q

Ablative where “cum” is NECESARY

A

Ablative is not modified by an adjective

When it is modified cum is optional

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24
Q

Purpose clauses have their subordinate clause verbs in

A

The subjunctive

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25
Q

Primary tenses in the subjunctive

A

Present

Perfect

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26
Q

Secondary tenses in the subjunctive

A

Imperfect

Pluperfect

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27
Q

Primary sequence what do the subjunctives means

A

Present- action same time/subsequent to main verb

Perfect- action prior to main verb

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28
Q

Secondary sequence what do the subjunctives means

A

Imperfect- action same time/subsequent to main verb

Pluperfect- action prior to main verb

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29
Q

What must we remember about the tenses of the subjunctive in clauses of purpose

A

Their tense is only relative to the tense of the main verb

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30
Q

Perfect passives

A

All use the perfect passive participle and a version of sum for
Perfect, pluperfect, future perfect indicative
Perfect and pluperfect subjunctive

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31
Q

Person who performs the action of a passive verb

Puella a regina terretur

A

Expressed with “a/ab” + ABLATIVE

The girl is frightened by the queen

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32
Q

Amica means

A

Girlfriend

Prostitute

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33
Q

Duco, ducere, duxi, ductus

Doesn’t just mean lead but

A

Consider

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34
Q

Book

A

Liber, libri, M.

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35
Q

Free

A

Liber, libera, liberum

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36
Q

Sending to someone

A

Mitto, mittere, misi, missus

+ ad + accusative

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37
Q

Sending for someone

A

Mitto, mittere, misi, missus

+ dative

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38
Q

Pointing something out to someone

A

Monstro, monstrare, monstravi, monstratus

+ dative

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39
Q

Primary indicative tenses

A

Prsent
Future
Future perfect
Perfect (present perfect is “has” or “have”

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40
Q

Present active participle

To shout

A 
Shouting
Who was shouting
Since she was shouting
Although she was shouting
When she was shouting
While she was shouting
If she was shouting
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41
Q

Case of the present participle

A

An action occurring at the same time as the main verb

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42
Q

What can the present participle be translated with

A

Causal- Since
Concessive- Although (tamen is often inserted)
Temporal- When, while
Conditional- if

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43
Q

Perfect passive participle

To be frightened

A 
Having-been-frightened
Having been frightened
Who had been frightened
Since she had been frightened
Although she had been frightened
When she had been frightened
After she had been frightened
If she had been frightened
44
Q

Tense of perfect passive participle

A

An action which occurred prior to the time of the main verb

45
Q

Future active participle

Depart

A 
About-to-depart
About to depart
Who was about to depart
Going to depart
Since/although/when/as/if...was going to depart
46
Q

Future participle tenses

A

An action which will occur or has occurred subsequent to that of the main verb

47
Q

Future passive participle

Read

A

Having-to-be-read
To be read
Which had to be read

48
Q

Future passive participle is used for

A

The gerundive

Obligation, necessity, propriety

49
Q

Active periphrastic meaning

A

About to

50
Q

Passive periphrastic menaing

A

Had/have to be desired

51
Q

Personal agent with passive periphrastic is expressed by

Poeta reginae videndus est

A

Personal agent is expressed by the dative without a preposition

(And not a(ab) + ablative)

The poet must be seen by the queen

52
Q

How is possession expressed

Corona est amico

A

Dative + sum shows possession

The friend has a book / the book is the friend’s

53
Q

“Ante” and “post” govern what case

A

Accusative case

54
Q

“Impero, imperare, imperavi, imperatus” governs what case

A

Dative

55
Q

Ruit can me

A

He rushes

He has rushed

56
Q

Which third declensions are i stems

A

Nominative and genitive have the same number of syllables

Stem of the noun ends in two consonants except if the second is an l or r (pater, mater is an exception)

Nominative singular neuter ends in e, al, ar (end in -i in ablative and -ia in nominative and accusative plural)

57
Q

How to make indirect statements

A

Subject is made accusative

Finite verb changed to an infinitive

58
Q

Tense of the infinitive in indirect statements

A

Relative to that of the main verb
Present- same time
Perfect- prior
Future- sunsequent

59
Q

What case accompanies verbs of separation or deprivation

A

Ablative

60
Q

How to express origin or descent of a person or thing

A

Ablative

61
Q

To express place from which

A

“A(ab)”, “e(ex)”, “de” + ablative

62
Q

Exceptions from place from which?

How?

A

Names of towns, cities, small islands, “domus”, “rus” -no preposition is used

63
Q

Place to which is expressed

A

Expressed by “ad” + accusative

64
Q

Exceptions from Place to which

A

Names of towns, cities, small islands, “domus”, “rus” -no preposition is used

65
Q

Locative case

A

Names of towns, cities, small islands, “domus”, “rus”

  • to express place in which and place where “at Rome”

1st/2nd -genitive singular, ablative plural
3rd- e/i singular, -ibus plural

66
Q

“Careo, carere, carui, caritus”
Governs?
Lack

A

Governs the ablative case

67
Q

Personal pronouns with “cum”

A

Attached such as MECUM

68
Q

Reflexive pronouns

A

Refers to the subject of its own clause so nominative

69
Q

Possessive adjectives agree with

A

The thing possessed

70
Q

When reflexive possession is not desired in the third person

A

A form of is, ea, id in the genitive is used (singular and plural)

71
Q

How to use relative pronoun

Qui, quae, quod = whom

A 
GENDER and NUMBER agrees with its antecedent
Its case (NAGDA) is determined by its use in its own clause
72
Q

Interrogative adjective

A

(Which? What?) is identical n form to the relative pronoun

73
Q

To express accompaniment

A

Ablative +cum

74
Q

Time when

A

Expressed by the ablative

75
Q

Time within which

A

Expressed by the ablative

76
Q

Duration of time

A

Accusative

Answers “for how long?”

77
Q

Extent of space

A

Accusative

Answers “for how long?”

78
Q

Subordinate clauses within an indirect statement (subject accusative and infinitive) verb?

A

Verbs in subjunctive, tense according to tense sequence, after the verb at the head that introduces the indirect statement

-the person reporting the statement does not claim responsibility of truth

79
Q

Est homo illius generis

A

He is a man of that sort

80
Q

Opus est

Cases it goes with

A

There is need of

What is needed: nominative, ablative, or genitive (less frequently)

Person who is in need: dative case

81
Q

Salutem dicere

A

“To greet” “to say hello”

82
Q

In (respect to) what is expressed how

Haec femina specie pulchra est

Mea sententia nihil perficient

A

Ablative without a preposition

This woman is beautiful in (respect to) appearance

In (respect to) my opinion, they will accomplish nothing

83
Q

Two datives in close proximity

Filii matri fructui sunt

Ad urbem saluti mihi venit

Opinio mali periculo erat civitati

A

One denoted the purpose, the other denotes the person or thing

The sons are (for the purpose of) an asset (with reference) to their mother

He came too the city for (the purpose of) a salvation (with reference) to me

The opinion of the evil was (for the purpose of) a danger (with reference) to the state.

84
Q

Fructui esse

A

To be an asset to

85
Q

Iubeo, iubere, iussi, iussus

Verb of ordering what construction does it use for an indirect statement

A

An infinitive with subject accusative

86
Q

Res publica

A

State, republic

87
Q

Quam ob rem

A

On account of which thing
For what reason
Why

88
Q

How is a part of a whole group expressed

Fortissimus omnium militum ad me venit

Multi hominum opiniones sapientium laudant

A

With the genitive

The bravest of all the soldiers came to me

Many of the men praise the opinions of the wise

89
Q

How is a part of a whole group expressed by words

When is this frequent?

Quinque ex militibus domum venerunt

A

OR “e(ex)” / “de” + ablative

Frequently used when the part is a cardinal number

Five of (out of) the soldiers came home

90
Q

Quam primum

A

As soon as possible

91
Q

Tam…quam

A

So…as

As…as

92
Q

Quam + superlative

A

As…as possible

93
Q

Quam can also be used

A

How in an exclamatory sense!

94
Q

An abstract noun (amicitia, sapientia)

A

Adding -ia

friendship, wisdom

95
Q

Sometimes it is best to translate an adjective as

Humiles in tectum domini venimus

A

An adverb

We came humbly into the master’s house

96
Q

Proximus is found with

Proximus turbae fuit

A

The dative

He was nearest the crowd

97
Q

Similis/dissimilis govern

A

Genitive or dative case

98
Q

What is an ablative absolute clause

A

Has no grammatical connection to the rest of the sentence

99
Q

How to make the ablative absolute

A

Subject is in Ablative

Participle ablative verb

100
Q

How the ablative is translated

A

With/when/since/although

101
Q

Problem with sum in ablative absolute

A

No present participle
two nouns in ablative absolute construction used with an implied participle connecting them (with that woman (being) queen)

102
Q

How is cause expressed

Clamare gaudio coepit.
Forma laudabantur

A

By the ablative (because of)

She began to shout because of joy
They were praised because of beauty

103
Q

How is cause expressed with words

Propter metum faminas interfecit

A

“Ob” or “propter” + accusative (on account of)

He killed the women on account of fear

104
Q

How is description expressed

A

Noun in the ablative or genitive, modified by an adjective, expresses the quality of another noun.

105
Q

objective genitive

Amor patriae
Metus belli
cupidus pecuniae

A

The genitive is the object of the verbAl idea
(What is feared, what is loved, what is desired)

Love of the native land
Fear of war
Desirous of money

106
Q

Subjective genitive

Feminae amor patriae

A

The genitive is doing the action,

The woman’s love of her native land

107
Q

Predicate genitive (Genitive of characteristic)

Hominis spientis est libros legere
Boni est deos laudare

A

Genitive stands alone (or modified by an adjective)

It is the mark of…

It is the mark of a wise man to read books
It is the mark of a good man to praise the gods

Latin (30 decks)

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