adjectives Flashcards
1st group, singular (masculine)
us/-, us/-, um, i, o, o
1st group, plural (masculine)
i, i, os, orum, is, is
1st group, singular (feminine)
a, a, am, ae, ae, a
1st group, plural (feminine)
ae, ae, as, arum, is, is
1st group, singular (neuter)
um, um, um, i, o, o
1st group, plural (neuter)
a, a, a, orum, is, is
2nd group, singular (masculine)
us/-, us/-, um, i, o, o
2nd group, plural (masculine)
i, i, os, orum, is, is
2nd group, singular (feminine)
a, a, am, ae, ae, a
2nd group, plural (feminine)
ae, ae, as, arum, is, is
2nd group, singular (neuter)
um, um, um, i, o, o
2nd group, plural (neuter)
a, a, a, orum, is, is
When does an ablative need cum
WAY or MANNER in which something is done
IF the ablative noun is NOT MODIFIED by an adjective
When does an ablative not need cum
- MEANS or INSTRUMENT with which something is done
- WAY or MANNER in which something is done (it is optional unless there is no modifying adjective)
When does the Ablative noun not need cum
to express MEANS or INSRUMENT
When does the Ablative noun need cum
to express WAY or MANNER IF the noun is NOT modified by the adjective (otherwise cum is optional)
how is PURPOSE expressed
the infinitive
a subordinate clause is often required
this is introduced by ut/ne
the verb will be in the subjunctive
Thrid declension, three terminations singular for acer
M: acer, acrem,
F: acris, acrem,
N: acre, acre,
Thrid declension, three terminations plural for acer
M: acres, acres(is),
F: acres, acres(is),
N: acria, acria
Thrid declension, two terminations singular for omnis
M,F: omnis, omnem
N: omne, omne
Thrid declension, two terminations plural for omnis
M,F: omnes, omnes(is)
N: omnia, omnia
Thrid declension, one termination singular for ingens
M,F: Ingens, ingentem
N: Ingens, ingens
Thrid declension, one termination plural for ingens
M,F: ingentes, ingentes(is)
N: ingentia, ingentia
Third declension singular
M,F: –,em, is, i, i
N: –,–, is, i, i
Third declension plural
M,F: es, es(is), ium, ibus, ibus
N: ia, ia, ium, ibus, ibus
Positive
Brave
Brave
Comparative
Brave
Braver, rather brave, too brave
Superlative
Brave
Bravest, most brave, very brave
Comparative adjectives masculine/feminine
-ior to genitive stem
Declined like third declension adjectives (never an i stem)
Comparative adjectives neuter
-ius to genitive stem
Declined like third declension adjectives (never an i stem)
Superlative adjectives
-issimus -issima -issimus
Declined like first-second declension adjectives
Superlative adjectives if positive Masculine Nominative Singular
ends in -er
-rimus -rima -rimum added directly to masculine nominative form
Six adjectives that end in -lis in Mas/Fem Nominative Singular positive
Form the superlative by adding
-limus -lima -limum to the stem of the positive
What are the six -lis adjectives
Facilis, -e Difficilis, -e Similis, -e Disimilis, -e Gracilis, -e Humilis, -e
“Quam” + superlative
Quam fortissimus est
“As… as possible”
He is as brave as possible
He is as brave as can be
Irregular comparison of adjectives Bonus, bona, bonum Malus, mala, malum Magnus, magna, magnum Parvus, parva, parvum Multus, multa, multum
Comparative: melior, melius Peior, peius Maior, maius Minor, minus Plus (neuter only in singular) pl: plures, plura
Superlative: optimus, optima, optimum Pessimus, pessima, pessimum Maximus, maxima, maximum Minimus, minima, inimum Plurimus, plurima, plurimum
Comparison with “quam”
The two things being compared before and after “quam” are in the same case
Ablative of comparison
Pater eius est altior hospite
Ablative without a preposition is used with the comparative adjective to denote comparison
His father is taller than the guest
degree of difference
Ablative without a preposition + comparatives
Expresses the degree in which the two things being compared differ
Implicit comparison being made: superlative used
How are positive 1st and 2nd declension adverbs formed
-e added to stem
How are positive 3rd declension adverbs formed
-iter added to stem
Comparitive adverb
-ius added o the stem of the positive
Superlative adverb
-issime (-rime -lime same as the adjectives) added to the positive stem
Adverbs comparative and superlative of these positives
Bene Male Magnopere Parum Multum Diu Saepe In a race Prope
COMPARATIVE melius Peius Magis Minus Plus Diutus Saepius Prius Propius
SUPERLATIVE Optime Pessime Maxime Minime Plurimum Diutissime Saepissime Primum Proxime
Adverb
Well, better, best
Bene
Melius
Optime
Adverb
Badly, worse, worst
Malus
Peior
Pessime
Adverb
Greatly, more, most/especially
Magnopere
Magis
Maxime
Adverb
Not enough, less, least
Parum
Minus
Minime
Adverb
Much, more, most
Multum
Plus
Plurimum
Adverb
Long/for a long time, longer, longest (in time)
Diu
Diutius
Diutissime
Adverb
Often, more often, very often
Saepe
Saepius
Saepissime
Adverb
–, before, first
–, prius, primum
Adverb
Near, nearer, nearest/next
Prope, propius, proxime
Totus, tota, totum
M/F/N singular (the plural is normAl)
M: Totus, totum, totius, toti, toto
F: Tota, totUm, totius, toti, tota
M: Totum, totum, totius, toti, toto
What other Adjectives are there that have a Genitive singular in -ius
(Decline like Totus, tota, totum)
Alius, -ia, -ud Alter, altera, alterum Ullus, -a, -um Nullus, -a, -um Uter, utra, utrum Neuter, neutra, neutrum Solus, -a, -um Unus, -a, -um
Idem, eadem, idem “same”
Masculine singular
Idem, eundem, eiusdem,eidem,eodem
Idem, eadem, idem “same”
Feminine singular
Eadem, eandem, eiusdem, eidem, eadem
Idem, eadem, idem “same”
Neuter singular
Idem, idem, eiusdem, eidem, eodem
Idem, eadem, idem “same”
Masculine plural
Eidem/idem, eosdem, eorundem, eisdem/isdem, eisdem/isdem
Idem, eadem, idem “same”
Feminine plural
Eaedem, easdem, earundem, eisdem/isdem,eisdem/isdem
Idem, eadem, idem “same”
neuter plural
Eadem, eadem, eorundem, eisdem/isdem, eisdem/isdem
Pronoun: Quidam, quaedam, quiddam (quodam if its an adjective)
Masculine singular
Quidam, quendam, cuiusdam, cuidam, quodam
Pronoun: Quidam, quaedam, quiddam (quodam if its an adjective)
Feminine singular
Quaedam, quandam, cuiusdam, cuidam, quadam
Pronoun: Quidam, quaedam, quiddam (quoddam if its an adjective)
Neuter singular
Quiddam (quoddam), quidam (quoddam), cuiusdam, cuidam, quodam
Pronoun: Quidam, quaedam, quiddam (quodam if its an adjective)
Masculine plural
Quidam, quosdam, quorundam, quibusdam, quibusdam
Pronoun: Quidam, quaedam, quiddam (quodam if its an adjective)
Feminine plural
Quaedam, quasdam, quarundam, quibusdam, quibusdam
Pronoun: Quidam, quaedam, quiddam (quodam if its an adjective)
Neuter plural
Quaedam, quaedam, quorundam, quibusdam, quibusdam
Ipse, ipsa, ipsum “self,very”
Masculine singular
Ipse, ipsum, ipsius, ipsi, ipso
Ipse, ipsa, ipsum “self,very”
Feminine singular
Ipsa, ipsam, ipsius, ipsi, ipsa
Ipse, ipsa, ipsum “self,very”
Neuter singular
Ipsum, ipsum, ipsius, ipsi, ipso
Ipse, ipsa, ipsum “self,very”
Masculine plural
Ipsi, ipsos, ipsorum, ipsis, ipsis
Ipse, ipsa, ipsum “self,very”
Feminine plural
Ipsae, ipsas, ipsarum, ipsis, ipsis
Ipse, ipsa, ipsum “self,very”
Neuter plural
Ipsa, ipsa, ipsorum, ipsis, ipsis
What is ipse, ipsa, ipsum used for
To intensify the word it modifies or stands for
Iste,ista, istud “that (of yours)”
Adjective/pronoun
Declines like ille, illa, illud
Carries a pejorative/negative tone
