kaplan exam 4 Flashcards
impression management
influencing another persons perception of an event by controlling the info they receive
- conscious or subconscious process attempting to influence another perception of person, thing, or event
basal ganglia
controlling motor movements ( substantial migration is within it)
a group of structures linked to the thalamus in the base of the brain and involved in coordination of movement.
conflict theory
society is in a constant state of conflict because of competition for limited resources
- question on the ones and fives (competing over a limited one manager title)
- I choose the wrong one that discribed a hierarchy system
extrinsic motivation vs internal motivation
extrinsic= is reward-driven behavior. It’s a type of operant conditioning. … In extrinsic motivation, rewards or other incentives — like praise, fame, or money — are used as motivation for specific activities. Unlike intrinsic motivation, external factors drive this form of motivation.
intrinisic= Enjoyment, satisfaction, and internal growth
schizophrenia can be caused by?
The “dopamine theory of schizophrenia” states that schizophrenia is caused by an overactive dopamine system in the brain
cognitive dissonance
balancing contradictory beleifs
example was a divorced and lonely man told my family members that there is someone for everyone
the state of having inconsistent thoughts, beliefs, or attitudes, especially as relating to behavioral decisions and attitude change.
This produces a feeling of mental discomfort leading to an alteration in one of the attitudes, beliefs or behaviors to reduce the discomfort and restore balance. For example, when people smoke (behavior) and they know that smoking causes cancer (cognition), they are in a state of cognitive dissonance.
light house question
for a test to be top-down, would need to test the ability of the action to use big concepts to infer smaller ones
here the correct answer was signal detection theory bc the test was based on hit and false alarms
signal detection theory
-not just on the strength of signal
- differ in ability to detect stimuli
- abandons the idea of a threshold (more of a decision process)
- response to stem depends on individual sensitivity to the stimuli in the presence of noise and one decision criterion (motivations alter ness, cost and gains about being correct of incorrect)
- noise is external and internal noise (motives, memories, frame of mind)
what chart is correlated to signal detection
signal detection matrix
stim is absent or present and participants response - hit or miss
hit, false alarm, miss, correct rejection
gentrification
Gentrification is the phenomenon of affluent folks moving into less wealthy neighborhoods, renovating homes and attracting new businesses. In the process, property values increase, rents go up, and poorer neighborhood residents are displaced.
Gentrification is a process of changing the character of a neighborhood through the influx of more affluent residents and businesses. … The gentrification process is typically the result of increasing attraction to an area by people with higher incomes spilling over from neighboring cities, towns, or neighborhoods.
what study would address conflict theory
one that states that power differentials exist between social classes and theses differences breed interclass competition - so the one about an economic study detailing share per capitamediacal resources received based on class
which one violated the non-maleficence classes in the four tenets of medical ethics?
do no harm above all else –> physician prioritized treatment above harmful side effects ( the dermatology one –> NOT the taking the appendices out bc this violates the patients autonomy not non-maleficence)
4 tenets of medical ethics
non-maleficence
respect for autonomy
justice
beneficence (doing good)
Bioethicists often refer to the four basic principles of health care ethics when evaluating the merits and difficulties of medical procedures. Ideally, for a medical practice to be considered “ethical”, it must respect all four of these principles: autonomy, justice, beneficence, and non-maleficence.
what’s the 3rd tent of medical ethics justice mean?
The idea that the burdens and benefits of new or experimental treatments must be distributed equally among all groups in
society. Requires that procedures uphold the spirit of existing laws and are fair to all players involved. The health care provider must consider four main areas when evaluating justice: fair distribution of scarce resources, competing needs, rights and obligations, and potential conflicts with established legislation. Reproductive technologies create ethical dilemmas because treatment is not equally available to all people.
which hospital wide policies would address the violation of medical ethics described in the passage
justice tenet is being violated
best option is a mandatory training session training towards sensitivity towards different individuals
- I had chosen the nurse to report doctors but this said - when patients don’t spend enough time with patients nurses would report them –> but has nothing about social class in the answer —> to vague - won’t fix the justice tenet principle
LEARNING: reread the question stem to assure that I am answering EXACTLY what they are asking!!! they will purposely try to trick us into answering another correct option
what determines an individuals culture?
the complete representation and interpretation of the things and ideas that they are exposed to and their dictions upon those interpretations
!!! I got this one right! bc I changed it after determining that I had previously chosen and answer choice that DID NOT answer the direct question –> it pays to go over the questions and ensure that im answering the exact question
paternalistic patterns
in the health care system paternalistic thinking centres around “ the doctor knows best” and may restrict patients wants in order to better their heath “suggesting to stop smoking”
the def is –> is the interference with the liberty or autonomy of another person, with the intent of promoting good or preventing harm to that person
–> restriction of someones free will (usually subordinates)but is supposedly for there own good
is paternalistic good or bad?
According to the dominant view, paternalism is wrong when it interferes with a person’s autonomy. For example, suppose that I throw away your cream cakes because I believe that eating them is bad for your health. This paternalistic action is wrong when it interferes with your autonomous decision to eat cream cakes.
Paternalism is justifiable if someone lacks the capacity to look after his or her interests. … Civil commitment laws for persons considered dangerous to themselves are paternalistic in the sense that they interfere with the liberty or autonomy of such persons for their own good or to prevent harm.
why would the individual to be susceptible to future arguments
- this was wrong bc it was too broad - and I didn’t read the flow chart- the chart said nothing about being more susceptible to future arguments - this was guess work based on peripheral route processing - but even by using this is also not correct
habituation
response diminishes with time
