Juvenile Crime Flashcards
Risk & Protective Factors
- Biology/Genetics-2
- Personality-2
- Family-4
- Social environment- 3
- Ecology-3
- Education-2
- strongest risk factor
- Low IQ and Gender; low IQ + correlated with delinq
- Aggressivness and Restlessness
- Parental criminality, Child maltreatment, Absence of supervision, Parental rejection
- Peers, social class, social activities
- High crime or poverty rates, Social disorganization
- School itself, Attitude, behavior & performance at school
- poor parental monitoring
Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development
- is
- % convicted as juvs
- % convicted by age 40
- did?
Longitudinal study began 1961 Cohort = 411 boys ages 8-9 - 20% convicted as juveniles - 40% convicted by age 40 -Compared offenders w/ rest of cohort -Identified predictive factors for later antisocial & criminal behavior
Most juvenile crimes are?
Adolescent limited
Cambridge: Predictive factors (6)
- antisocial behavior
- hyperactivity–impulsivity–attention deficit
- low intelligence & poor school attainment;
- family criminality
- family poverty
- harsh parenting style, lack of parental supervision,
parental conflict & separation from parents
Balancing negative factors: their positive’s/domains
- Early aggressive behaivor
- Lack of parental supervision
- Substance abuse
- Drug availability
- Poverty
- (individual) Self-control
- (family) Parental monitoring
- (Peer) Academic competence
- (school) Anti-drug policies
- (community) Strong neighborhood attachment
Primary purpose of juv justice system-4
Accountability, Rehabilitation,Treatment, Prevention
Criminal vs. Juv justice system(3)
Prosecuted for?
Emphasis on?
Rights?
- Prosecuted for crimes, Emphasis is punishment, Right to jury trial
-Prosecuted for delinquent acts, Emphasis is rehabilitation
No jury trial rights
Juvenile justice process (3)
Juvenile is referred to system by police, school official or legal guardian
- Court intake officer determines course of action (E.g. juvenile court or social service agency)
- Serious offenses may result in detention: Juvenile hall or shelter, Group or foster home, Juvenile correctional facility
Juvenile court
- guilty determined by
- rights
- if guilty
- Guilt or innocence determined before a judge
- Juvenile has right to counsel
- If guilty, disposition determined: Probation, community service, Residential treatment (group home, work camp), Correctional facility
Judicial Waiver Offenses
Serious cases may be waived to criminal court by juvenile
court judge
Statutory Exclusion
- vary (2)
- statute excludes certain juvenile offenders from juvenile court jurisdiction.
- if you use lethal weapon at 15+ you are tried as adult in
- Lower age limits for waiver vary By state and By seriousness of offense
Concurrent (Prosecutorial) Jurisdiction
- how many states
case is shared by both criminal and juvenile courts; Meets criteria for more than 1 jurisdiction
Prosecutors Choice
- 15 states use it
Decertification
ask to be sent back to juvenile proceedings
- Mandatory life sentences
- how many serving without parole
- supreme court evidence (2)
- Life can still be sentenced but mandatory life sentences of no parole cannot be used; jury must listen to all evidence
- 450 serving life in prison without parole for crimes committed under 18 (20% of Us total) 1/3rd convicted of 2nd degree murder
- Supreme court said following not taken into account: killer or accomplice, stable or abusive family background
Deinstituionalization of status offenses
they should be diverted frome juv courts to a local agency that can aid parents; county or district attorney decides
