Joints Flashcards

1
Q

What is articulation?

A

A site where two or more bones meet

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2
Q

What is the function of joints?

A
  • Give the skeleton mobility
  • Hold the skeleton together
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3
Q

How are stability and flexibility correlated?

A
  • Increased stability reduces flexibility
  • Decreased stability increases flexibility
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4
Q

What are the three structural classifications of of joints?

A
  • Fibrous joints
  • Cartilaginous joints
  • Synovial joints
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5
Q

What are fibrous joints?

A

Bones joined by fibrous connective tissue with no space inbetween

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6
Q

What are cartilaginous joints?

A

Bones joined by pad or bridge cartilage

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7
Q

What are synovial joints?

A

Bones separated by fluid-filled cavity, surrounded by connective tissue

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8
Q

Mobility of fibrous joints?

A

Little to no movement

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9
Q

What are sutures?

A

A type of fibrous joints between bones of the skull which are ossified in adults

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10
Q

Mobility of cartilaginous joints?

A

Minimal movement however high stability and shock absorbance

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11
Q

What are the two type of cartilaginous joints?

A

Temporary which is replaced by bone in adulthood or permanent

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12
Q

Mobility of synovial joints?

A

Very mobile

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13
Q

What are the two types of synovial joints?

A

Simple joint - 2 bones
Composite joint - several bones

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14
Q

What is hyaline cartilage?

A

Articular surface cover that reduces friction and is a shock absorber

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15
Q

What is a joint capsule?

A

Fibrous tissue that surrounds a joint and helps stabilise it

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16
Q

What are the two parts of the joint capsule and what are their roles?

A

Outer fibrous capsule - strength
Inner synovial membrane - secretes synovial fluid

17
Q

Why is synovial fluid important?

A

For lubrication, reduced friction, nutrition and shock absorbance

18
Q

What are extracapsular ligaments?

A

Ligaments located outside of a joint’s capsule for cranial/caudal stability

19
Q

What are intracapsular ligaments?

A

Ligaments located within the joint capsule for rotational stability

20
Q

What is a disc?

A

Flat thin cartilage which completely separates the joint cavities

21
Q

What is a menisci?

A

Crescent shaped thin cartilage which does not fully seperate the joint cavities

22
Q

What are the three functional classifications of joints?

A

Synarthrotic - immovable joints
Amphiarthrotic - slightly movable
Diarthrotic - freely movable

23
Q

How are the structural and functional classifications paired?

A

Fibrous - synarthrotic
Cartilaginous - amphyarthrotic
Synovial - diarthrotic

24
Q

What does felxion mean?

A

Decrease the angle between two bones

25
Q

What does extension mean?

A

Increase the angle between two bones

26
Q

What does rotation mean?

A

A twisting movement of a segment around its own axis

27
Q

What does abduction mean?

A

Movement away from medial plane

28
Q

What does adduction mean?

A

Movement towards the median plane