Endocrine Physiology Flashcards
What does GIT stand for?
Gastrointestinal tract
Where are the receptors for peptide hormones?
Are found on the plasma membrane of the cell
Where are the receptors for steroid and amine hormones?
Are found in the cytoplasm or nucleus of the cell
Where are growth hormones produced?
By somatotrope cells in anterior pituitary gland
What does growth hormone do?
Regulated body growth and intermediary metabolism
What are pathways of growth hormone?
- Goes straight to the target tissue
- Goes to the liver where it gets converted to insulin like growth factor one
How does the increase of insulin like growth factor one influence the hypothalamus?
It provides a positive feedback to produce more growth hormone inhibiting hormone which results in a decrease of production of growth hormone
What does hyperplasia mean?
Increase in number of cells
What does hypertrophy mean?
Increase in cell size
What stimulates the increase of growth hormone?
Low blood glucose, stress, exercise and high protein diet
What is insulin like growth factor 1?
A somatomedin that controls growth by triggering cell division, bone growth and protein synthesis
What are somatomedins?
Proteins which promote cell growth and division
What will growth hormone deficiency result in and what is it referred to?
Known as dwarfism and will result in reduced growth especially of bone
What will growth hormone over secretion during maturity result in and what is it referred to?
Known as gigantism and will result in increased growth especially of bone
What is acromegaly?
High levels of growth hormone after maturity resulting in abnormal growth especially of bone
What percentage does alpha cells make up?
20%
What percentage does beta cells make up?
75%
What is polyuria?
Loss of glucose and water in urine
What is polydipsia?
Increased plasma osmolarity and increase in thirst
What is polphagia?
Low energy signals hunger
