Cardiovascular System Flashcards
How many times does blood pass through the heart in each cycle?
Twice
What are the four parts of blood?
- Plasma
- Red blood cells
- White blood cells
- Platlets
What is the shape of red blood cells in mammals?
Biconcave discs
Are red blood cells nucleated?
Not nucleated in mammals nucleated in birds reptiles and fish
Where are red blood cells mainly produced?
Bone marrow
What is the lifespan of a red blood cell?
70-160 days
Where are red blood cells destroyed?
In the spleen
Where are white blood cells produced?
In the bone marrow
What are the two types of white blood cells part of the adaptive immune response?
Lymphocytes and monocytes
What are platelets?
Fragments of the cytoplasm of large cells located in bone marrow
What are the roles of platelets?
Involved in clotting and repair of small areas of damage to blood vessel walls
What are the four main chambers of the heart?
2 atria and 2 ventricles
What is the purpose of the atrium?
Where the blood enters the heart
What is the purpose of the ventricles?
Where the blood exits the heart
How can you distinguish between left ventricle and right ventricle?
Left ventricle is larger than the right ventricle
What is the coronary groove?
Groove on the surface of the heart that separates the right atrium from the right ventricle, containing the the blood vessels to the heart
What is the interventricular groove?
Groove on the heart’s surface that marks the separation between the left and right ventricle
What is the pericardium?
A two layer sac around the heart
What is the parietal layer of the pericardium?
The thick fibrous outer layer
What is the visceral layer of the pericardium?
The thin visceral layer attached to the heart wall
What is the function of the pericardium?
Stops heart from moving excessively and reduces friction due to fluid between the layers
Where does the pericardium attach?
Attached to the base of heart and diaphragm or sternum
What is the heart wall called?
Myocardium
What is the endocardium?
A thin smooth layer of epithelial cells covering the heart internally
What is the role of the sinoatrial node?
It is in the right atrium and sends the signal to the rest of the heart to contract
What anchors the heart valves to the ventricle walls?
Chordae tendineae which are fine cords
What are the two loops of blood circulation known as?
- Pulmonary circulation
- Systemic circulation
What occurs during the pulmonary circulation?
Supplies blood from R side of heart and drains blood from lungs and is involved in gas exchange
What occurs during the systemic circulation:
Transports blood from L side of heart to and from the rest of the body
What are the characteristics of arteries?
Thick, relatively rigid walls moving oxygenated blood
What are the characteristics of veins?
Thinner walls moving deoxygenated blood
How are blood vessels layers arranged?
It has concentric layers going from in out:
- Tunica interna
- Tunica media
- Tunica externa
What is the characteristic of capillaries?
Small vessel with thin walls which allow movement of substances in and out of tissue
What is the structure of the lymphatic system?
Consists of a network of vessels which are one way system returning to the great veins rather than a circuit, tissues and organs
What is the purpose of the lymphatic system?
Helps maintain fluid balance and circulated lymphocytes
