Digestive System Anatomy - Stomach and Intestine Flashcards
What is the role of the stomach?
Stores and mixes ingested food
What is the role of the small intestine?
Main site of enzymic digestion and nutrient absorption
What is the role of the large intestine?
Site of absorption of water, electrolytes and water soluble vitamins
What is the peritoneum?
The thin moist membrane of the abdominal cavity
What are the two parts of the peritoneum?
Parietal - around cavity
Visceral - covers organ
What is the carnivore stomach called?
Monogastric/simple
What are the two parts of the monogastric stomach?
Fundus and pyloric part
What is the structure of the fundus?
The larger part of the stomach that is relatively distensible
What is the structure of the pyloric part?
Narrower part with thicker walls that has a relatively constant shape
What is the angular notch in the stomach?
Small, sharp notch located between the fundus and the pyloric part
How does food travel through the ruminant stomach?
Esophagus - rumen - esophagus - reticulum - omasum - abomasum - small intestine
What are the four chambers of the ruminant stomach?
- Rumen
- Reticulum
- Omasum
- Abomasum
What is the rumen?
The largest compartment, where microbial fermentation occurs, breaking down plant matter
What is the reticulum?
A honeycomb-like structure that sorts food and returns some material to the mouth for further chewing
What is the omasum?
The compartment that further digests food and absorbs water
What is the abomasum?
The “true stomach,” where digestive juices are produced, similar to the human stomach
What is rumination?
The process of re-chewing their food to further break down the plant material
What is the pylorus?
The part of the stomach that connects to the duodenum
What is the small intestine?
A long, tube-like organ in the digestive system responsible for the majority of nutrient absorption and digestion
What are the three parts of the small intestine?
- Duodenum
- Jejunum
- Ileum
What is the duodenum?
Receiving partially digested food from the stomach, mixing it with digestive juices initiating the absorption of nutrients
What is the jejunum?
Plays a role in digestion and nutrient absorption, focusing on carbohydrates, amino acids, and fatty acids
What is the ileum?
The final and longest part of the small intestine, primarily absorbs nutrients, especially vitamin B12 and bile acids, and moves undigested food towards the large intestine
What is the large intestine?
Primarily absorbs water and electrolytes from undigested food, forming and storing feces before elimination
What are the three parts of the large intestine?
- Caecum
- Colon
- Rectum
What is the caecum?
Pouch-like structure that connects the ileum to the colon
What is the colon?
Tube like organ within the digestive system that absorbs water and electrolytes from undigested food, forming stool
What is the rectum?
The rectum is the final section of the large intestine, where waste is stored before being eliminated through the anus
