Digestive System Anatomy - Oral Cavity to Oesophagus Flashcards
What is the gastrointestinal tract?
The stomach and intestines
What is the alimentary tract?
The mouth, pharynx, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine and large intestine
What is the digestive system/apparatus?
Alimentary tracts and the associated glands
What does proximal mean?
Towards the mouth
What is ingestion?
The process whereby food is taken into the body
What is digestion?
The process of breaking down food into small chemical units which are absorbed by the body
How does chemical digestion occur?
By the action of enzymes/acid found in digestive juices
What is absorption and metabolism?
The process whereby chemical units are taken into the circulation and converted to energy by the body
What is egestion?
Water and electrolytes are absorbed with concentrates remaining, indigestible material into feaces for removal
What is the order of the digestive system?
Mouth - pharynx - oesophagus - stomach- small intestine - large intestine - anus
What type of GIT do carnivores have?
Simple and short
What type of GIT do herbivores have?
Rely on microbial fermentation to access nutrients from plant cell wall components
What is prehension?
Bringing food into the mouth
What is mastication?
The breaking of food up into smaller components
What is the structure of the tooth?
- Highly mineralised outer part
- Inner pulp cavity
- Periodontium which attached tooth to jaw
What are the three main types of teeth?
- Incisors
- Canines
- Cheek teeth
What are incisors?
Narrow edged teeth at the front of the mouth
What are canines?
Sharper pointed teeth on each side of the incisors
What are cheek teeth?
Premolars and molars have a similar structure and allow for uniform functional grinding
What is brachydont?
Teeth cease growing when fully erupted
What is hypsodont?
Teeth that continue to grow for some time
What are the components of the brachydont teeth?
- Short crown
- Long root/s
- Neck
What are the components of the hypsodent teeth?
- Long crown
- Short root
- No neck
What is the structure of secodont teeth?
Enlarged and blade like teeth adapted for slicing and chopping
What is the structure of bunodont teeth?
Cusps are low and rounded for crushing
What is the structure of lophodont teeth?
Patterns of ridges of enamel interconnecting the cusps
What is the structure of selenodont teeth?
The major cusp is elongated into crescent shape rdiges
What is the role of the tongue?
- Aids ingestion
- Has receptors for the sensation of taste
- Helps with the formation of food bolus
What is filiform on the tongue?
Fine, small, cone-shaped papillae found on the anterior surface of the tongue
What is lenticular on the tongue?
Small lentil shaped raised structure specifically a mechanical papilla found only in ruminants
What is fungiform on the tongue?
Small mushroom-shaped structures on the tongue’s surface primarily located on the tip and sides which contain taste buds
What is circumvallate on the tongue?
Large raised bumps located at the back of the tongue near the throat which contain taste buds
What is foliate on the tongue?
Appear as several rough folds close together on the sides of the back part of the tongue containing taste buds
What is the role of saliva?
- Moistens and lubricates food
- Oral hygiene
- Some animals use it for enzymatic digestion
What prevents food from entering the trachea?
The epiglottis
