Digestive System Anatomy - Oral Cavity to Oesophagus

Question 1

What is the gastrointestinal tract?

Answer 1

The stomach and intestines

Question 2

What is the alimentary tract?

Answer 2

The mouth, pharynx, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine and large intestine

Question 3

What is the digestive system/apparatus?

Answer 3

Alimentary tracts and the associated glands

Question 4

What does proximal mean?

Answer 4

Towards the mouth

Question 5

What is ingestion?

Answer 5

The process whereby food is taken into the body

Question 6

What is digestion?

Answer 6

The process of breaking down food into small chemical units which are absorbed by the body

Question 7

How does chemical digestion occur?

Answer 7

By the action of enzymes/acid found in digestive juices

Question 8

What is absorption and metabolism?

Answer 8

The process whereby chemical units are taken into the circulation and converted to energy by the body

Question 9

What is egestion?

Answer 9

Water and electrolytes are absorbed with concentrates remaining, indigestible material into feaces for removal

Question 10

What is the order of the digestive system?

Answer 10

Mouth - pharynx - oesophagus - stomach- small intestine - large intestine - anus

Question 11

What type of GIT do carnivores have?

Answer 11

Simple and short

Question 12

What type of GIT do herbivores have?

Answer 12

Rely on microbial fermentation to access nutrients from plant cell wall components

Question 13

What is prehension?

Answer 13

Bringing food into the mouth

Question 14

What is mastication?

Answer 14

The breaking of food up into smaller components

Question 15

What is the structure of the tooth?

Answer 15

• Highly mineralised outer part
• Inner pulp cavity
• Periodontium which attached tooth to jaw

Question 16

What are the three main types of teeth?

Answer 16

• Incisors
• Canines
• Cheek teeth

Question 17

What are incisors?

Answer 17

Narrow edged teeth at the front of the mouth

Question 18

What are canines?

Answer 18

Sharper pointed teeth on each side of the incisors

Question 19

What are cheek teeth?

Answer 19

Premolars and molars have a similar structure and allow for uniform functional grinding

Question 20

What is brachydont?

Answer 20

Teeth cease growing when fully erupted

Question 21

What is hypsodont?

Answer 21

Teeth that continue to grow for some time

Question 22

What are the components of the brachydont teeth?

Answer 22

• Short crown
• Long root/s
• Neck

Question 23

What are the components of the hypsodent teeth?

Answer 23

• Long crown
• Short root
• No neck

Question 24

What is the structure of secodont teeth?

Answer 24

Enlarged and blade like teeth adapted for slicing and chopping

Question 25

What is the structure of bunodont teeth?

Answer 25

Cusps are low and rounded for crushing

Question 26

What is the structure of lophodont teeth?

Answer 26

Patterns of ridges of enamel interconnecting the cusps

Question 27

What is the structure of selenodont teeth?

Answer 27

The major cusp is elongated into crescent shape rdiges

Question 28

What is the role of the tongue?

Answer 28

- Aids ingestion - Has receptors for the sensation of taste - Helps with the formation of food bolus

Question 29

What is filiform on the tongue?

Answer 29

Fine, small, cone-shaped papillae found on the anterior surface of the tongue

Question 30

What is lenticular on the tongue?

Answer 30

Small lentil shaped raised structure specifically a mechanical papilla found only in ruminants

Question 31

What is fungiform on the tongue?

Answer 31

Small mushroom-shaped structures on the tongue's surface primarily located on the tip and sides which contain taste buds

Question 32

What is circumvallate on the tongue?

Answer 32

Large raised bumps located at the back of the tongue near the throat which contain taste buds

Question 33

What is foliate on the tongue?

Answer 33

Appear as several rough folds close together on the sides of the back part of the tongue containing taste buds

Question 34

What is the role of saliva?

Answer 34

- Moistens and lubricates food - Oral hygiene - Some animals use it for enzymatic digestion

Question 35

What prevents food from entering the trachea?

Answer 35

The epiglottis