Joints

Question 1

What is a joint?

Answer 1

An articulation point between bones, often includes connective tissue

Question 2

Structural classifications of joints

Answer 2

Fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial

Question 3

Fibrous Joint

Answer 3

Sutures made of dense connective tissue or bone, such as skull sutures

Question 4

Cartilaginous Joint

Answer 4

Connections between bones made of cartilage. Very little or no movement

Question 5

Synovial Joint

Answer 5

Bones separated by a joint cavity, covered in articular cartilage, and enclosed within an articular capsule

Question 6

Functional classifications of joints

Answer 6

Synarthroses, amphiarthroses, diarthroses

Question 7

Synarthrotic Joint

Answer 7

A joint that allows no movement, ex. a suture or gomphosis

Question 8

Amphiarthrotic Joint

Answer 8

A joint that allows little movement, ex pubic symphysis and intervertebral discs

Question 9

Diarthrotic Joint

Answer 9

A joint that allows full range of motion, such as the knee joint

Question 10

Synchondroses

Answer 10

A place where hyaline cartilage creates a temporary joint, such as the epiphysial plates

Question 11

Ligament

Answer 11

Dense, stretch resistant connective tissue that connects bone to bone. A sprain as a tear in a ligament. The purpose of a ligament is to stabilize a joint

Question 12

Bursae

Answer 12

Small fluid filled sacs that roll between bones in a synovial joint, lessening friction

Question 13

Types of joints

Answer 13

Hinge, ball and socket, planar, pivot, saddle

Question 14

Flexion

Answer 14

A decrease in the angle between the bones of a joint

Question 15

Extension

Answer 15

An increase in the angle between the bones of a joint

Question 16

Abduction

Answer 16

A lateral increase in the distance between an appendage and the midline of the body

Question 17

Adduction

Answer 17

A lateral decrease in the distance between an appendage and the midline of the body

Question 18

Circumduction

Answer 18

Movement in a circular motion at a joint

Question 19

Rotation

Answer 19

Ex. Shaking the head

Question 20

Elevation/Depression

Answer 20

Raising or lowering

Question 21

Protraction/Retraction

Answer 21

Movement of the jaw forward or backward

Question 22

Inversion/Eversion

Answer 22

Movement of the foot pointing the plantar region toward or away from the midline of the body

Question 23

Dorsiflexion/Plantarflexion

Answer 23

Pointing or lifting of the toes

Question 24

Supination/Pronation

Answer 24

Pointing the palm of the hand up or down

Question 25

Opposition

Answer 25

Movement of the thumb toward the pinky

Question 26

Meniscus

Answer 26

• Padding in the knee joint
• Disc shaped
• Sits between the femoral and tibial condyles

Question 27

ACL/PCL

Answer 27

Anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments. Help to support flexion in the knee

Question 28

Medial and Lateral Collateral Ligaments

Answer 28

Ligaments that run along the side of the knee, providing structural support