Cell Energy Production Flashcards
1
Q
Location of ATP Production
A
-Cytosol (glycolysis)
-Mitochondria (TCA cycle and ETC)
2
Q
Possible Fuel Sources for ATP Production
A
- Carbohydrates (monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides)
- Proteins (amino acids)
- Fats (glycerol and fatty acids)
3
Q
Glycolysis
A
- Breaks glucose down into 2 pyruvate
- Anaerobic
- Inefficient
- 2 ATP and 1 Glucose in
- Net gain is 2 ATP, 2 Pyruvate, and 2 NADH
4
Q
Phosphofructokinase
A
- Enzyme that facilitates one of the steps in glycolysis
- If too much pyruvate or ATP builds up, this enzyme will be deactivated
- This is why ATP must turn into its storage form, creatine phosphate and pyruvate must be turned into lactic acid so that anaerobic metabolism does not stop during exercise
5
Q
Preparatory Step
A
- Pyruvate enters the mitochondria
- Loses CO2 to become Acetyl co-A
- Irreversible
6
Q
TCA Cycle
A
- Final breakdown of the fuel molecule
- 2 cycles per glucose molecule which process 1 acetyl co-A each
- Net gain is 6 NADH, 2 FADH, and 2 ATP
- Co enzymes take H+ and electrons to the electron transport chain
7
Q
Electron Transport Chain
A
- ATP synthase enzyme produces ATP through oxidative phosphorylation
- Driven by hydrogen’s concentration gradient
- In the most ideal conditions, 1 glucose can yield 38 ATP
8
Q
Flow of Energy
A
Glucose -> NADH/FADH -> ETC -> ATP
9
Q
Control of Cellular Respiration
A
- Called Allosteric control
- Powered by negative feedback loops
10
Q
Energy Stores
A
- Glycogen - storage form of glucose, can convert quickly. Makes up only 1% of energy stores
- Fats - Slow to process, make up 78% of energy stores
- Proteins - Take a lot of energy to process, only used for emergencies. Make up 21% of energy stores
11
Q
Length of time each energy system is used during exercise
A
- Phosphagen (creatine phosphate and ATP) 5 to 10 seconds
- Glycolysis 1 to 2 minutes
- Aerobic metabolism including fats 2+ minutes
