Bone, Ligaments, and Cartilage Flashcards
Skeleton is made of these three connective tissue types
Bone, ligaments, cartilage
Function and Traits of Ligaments
- Attach bone to bone
- Support joints
- Dense and fibrous, little stretch. Due to being mostly collagen with little elastigen
Function and Traits of Cartilage
- Protects bones by taking impact and springing back up (resilient material)
- Surrounded by the perichondrium
- High water content
- Fibrocartilage, Hyaline, Elastic Cartilage
Fibrocartilage
- Strongest, densest cartilage
- Found in intervertebral disks and menisci
Hyaline
- Covers and protects the ends of long bones, as well as forming rings around the respiratory system to prevent the trachea from collapsing
- Found in growth plates growing pre-bone, as well as ribs
Elastic Cartilage
- Most flexible cartilage type
- Found in places like the tip of the nose and the outer ears
Bone is made of these two cell types
- Bone matrix
- Bone cells
Bone Cell Types
- Osteoblasts
- Osteoclasts
- Osteocytes
- Osteogenic cells
Osteogenic Cell
Stem cells that become osteoblasts.
Osteoblast
Produce and secrete bone matrix, develop into osteocytes.
Osteocyte
Keeps bone matrix healthy. This is the final phase of a bone cell’s life.
Osteoclast
Develops separately from other bone cell types, reabsorbs bone so that its material can be used.
Bone Types
- Hard/compact
- Spongy
Compact Bone
- Harder
- Made up of osteons (haversian systems), circumferential lamellae, and interstitial lamellae
- Forms the shaft and ends of bones
- Wraps around and contains the marrow space
Osteons
Made up of:
- Lamellae
- Lacunae
- Central/haversian canal containing blood vessels, lymph vessels, and a nerve
Lamellae
Layers of hard matrix that contain collagen fibers. These fibers run in a different direction with each layer, producing a twisting force. Lamellae form osteons like the rings of a tree. As well as this, there are interstitial lamellae between osteons, and circumferential lamellae that wrap around the outside of the compact bone layer.
Ossification
The formation of new bone through the calcification of connective tissues
Intramembranous Ossification
- Occurs as a baby/fetus
- Flat bones only
- Occurs in mesenchyme tissue
- Results in bones with red marrow only, no marrow space
Endochondral Ossification
- All other bones
- Occurs when hyaline cartilage calcifies at the epiphysial plates
- Lengthens and widens bones
Epiphysial Plates
- The area where bones lengthen
- Epiphysis is pushed away from diaphysis by hyaline cartilage which then calcifies
Bone Related Hormones
- hGH stimulates the epiphysial plates
- TH helps the bones retain proper proportions
- Sex hormones promote bone growth and stimulate the closure of the epiphysial plates
