Joints Flashcards
What are joints? How many joints are there?
where bones meet other bones; there are over 200 joints in the body
What are the three functional classes?
Synarthroses, Amphiarthroses, Diarthroses
Synarthroses; examples?
immovable joints; plates of skull fuse together
Amphiarthroses; examples?
slightly movable joints; connections between vertebrae in back
Diarthroses; examples?
freely movable joints; elbow
What are synovial joints?
diarthroses are filled with liquid called synovial fluid to help lubricate the joint; the fluid is held in by cartilage
What can happen to synovial fluid?
it can become infected (septic arthritis) or filled with blood (hemorrhagic arthritis); arthritis means joint inflammation
What are cracking joints?
popping of small air bubbles that forms in synovial fluid when pressure quickly changes- not linked to arthritis or joint problems
What are the 6 shapes of diarthrotic joints?
plane, hinge, pivot, condyloid, saddle, ball and socket
What are plane joints and where are the found?
allow gliding or rotating motion; two flat surfaces against each other; found between carpals and tarsals
What are hinge joints and what are some examples?
allow movement cross one plane; cylinder “rolls” in U shape; elbow, knee, joints between phalanges
What are pivot joints and give examples.
allows rotation around one place; a circle in a bigger circle (wrench/circle); radius/ulna, top two vertebrae in of neck
What are condyloid joints and give examples.
allows front/back and side/side movement; egg in socket; proximal phalanx/metacarpal
What are saddle joints and give examples.
allows front/back and side/side movement (but not easily both together); looks like two saddles sitting on each other; joint between first metacarpal and carpal that gives us opposable thumbs
What are ball and socket joints and give examples.
allows motion in full circle, plus rotation; humerus in shoulder, femur in hip
How do ligaments connect?
Bone to bone
How do tendons connect?
bone to muscle
How do fasciae connect?
muscle to muscle
What is a sprain?
a damaged or torn ligament
What are the different degrees of sprains?
first degree- some damage
second degree- partial tear
third degree- full tear
what is tendonitis?
the acute (sudden) inflammation of a tendon; some tendonitis can linger for years, so it’s often referred to as tendonosis
What areas are affected by tendonitis?
elbow, patellar tendon, achilles tendon, and rotator cuff
What type of tissues are tendons and ligaments? What maintains the matrix of the tissues?
dense connective tissue; fibroblasts
