Bones of the Body

Question 1

What are the two main parts of the skeleton?

Answer 1

Axial and appendicular

Question 2

What is the axial skeleton? What does it include?

Answer 2

runs down the middle; includes skull, vertebral column, thorax

Question 3

What is the appendicular skeleton? What does it include?

Answer 3

branches off the middle; included limbs, pelvic girdle, shoulder girdle

Question 4

What are the two main types of bone?

Answer 4

Compact Bone and Spongy Bone

Question 5

What is compact bone?

Answer 5

Makes up the outside of most bones; solidly filled with matrix; the more common of the bone types

Question 6

What is spongy bone?

Answer 6

makes up the inside of most bones; found in the marrow area of bones; has many holes inside

Question 7

What are the four bone types?

Answer 7

long, short, flat, irregular

Question 8

What are long bones?

Answer 8

“Standard” idea of a bone; longer than they are thick; most important part of skeletal movement; important for support

Question 9

What are the three parts of long bones?

Answer 9

Epiphysis- head, had red marrow
Metaphysis- neck, “growth plate”
Diaphysis- shaft, has yellow marrow

Question 10

How do long bones grow longer?

Answer 10

In young bones, the metaphyses are made of cartilage, and creates new bone on diaphyseal side and cartilage on epiphyseal side (called the epiphyseal plate or growth plate). Once the bone has stopped growing, it ossifies and turns into an epiphyseal line

Question 11

What does ossify mean?

Answer 11

cartilage turns into bone

Question 12

Examples of long bones

Answer 12

Arm: radius, ulna, humerus
Leg: femur, tibia, fibula

Question 13

What long bone bears the most weight of any bone? Which is the strongest?

Answer 13

Tibia; Femur

Question 14

What are the long bones in hands?

Answer 14

Metacarpals- longer bones that connect to wrist (5 of them)
Phalanges- short bones; 3 on each finger, except for thumb (pollux), which has two

Question 15

What are the long bones in the feet?

Answer 15

Metatarsals- longer bones that connect to ankle (5 of them)
Phalanges- shorter bones; 3 on each toe except on big toe (hallux), which has two

Question 16

What type of bone is the clavicle?

Answer 16

called the collarbone; most commonly broken bone in the body; first bone to begin ossification in development, but the last one to finish

Question 17

What are short bones?

Answer 17

are about as wide as they are long; provide structure and support, but little movement

Question 18

How many carpals does the wrist have, and how many tarsals does an ankle have?

Answer 18

8 carpals and 7 tarsals

Question 19

What is a sesamoid bone? Where are they embedded? Example? why do they grow? Where are they mostly found? How many does a person have?

Answer 19

a special type of short bone; flattish bones embedded in a tendon or muscle; ex. a kneecap (patella); they grow or develop in response to stress or strain on a tendon; mostly found in toes/feet; number vary by person

Question 20

What are flat bones?

Answer 20

bones that are flat in shape; predominantly for protection

Question 21

What are examples of flat bones?

Answer 21

skull bones, and the three bones of the pelvis (illium, ischium, and pubis)

Question 22

What type of bones are ribs and sternum?

Answer 22

Flat bones

Question 23

How are ribs numbered? How are they sorted? How are ribs attached to the sternum?

Answer 23

They are numbered top to bottom; ribs 1-7 are “true” and 8-12 are “false” b/c they connect to rib 7; ribs 11 and 12 are “floating” because they don’t connect to the sternum; ribs are connected to the sternum by costal cartilage

Question 24

What is xiphoid process?

Answer 24

flat projection at base of sternum

Question 25

What is the shoulder blade known as?

Answer 25

scapula

Question 26

What are irregular bones?

Answer 26

bones with shapes that don’t fall into another category

Question 27

What are examples of irregular bones?

Answer 27

vertebrae in back, many lower facial bones, hyoid bone (bone that connects to tongue)

Question 28

How many vertebrae make up the spine? What are the five different kinds?

Answer 28

33; Cervical (7), Thoracic (12-each articulates with a rib), Lumbar (5), Sacral (5-fused together), Coccyx (4- fused together)

Question 29

Describe the body of a vertebra

Answer 29

Body-bears weight
Canal-allows spinal cord to pass
Processes- allow muscle attachment

Question 30

What are the three spinal deformities? Describe them.

Answer 30

Scoliosis- side to side sway
Kyphosis- forward bend of T and C regions; “hunchback”
Lordosis-backward bend of L and/or C regions; “swayback”