Cell Parts Flashcards
home to the DNA; DNA will never leave it; where ribosomes are made (nucleoli); has a nuclear envelope
Nucleus
a membrane that separates it from the rest of the cell
nuclear envelope
a “bag” around the cell; made up of the phospholipid bilayer
Plasma Membrane
Two parts of the phospholipid bilayer
Hydrophilic- outside
Hydrophobic- inside; also stops water-soluble particles from entering
must be relatively constant despite changing conditions
Membrane Fluidity
move things in or out of cells; they can usually be opened or closed; extremely selective; type of membrane proteins
Transport Proteins
help the inside and outside of the cell communicate; works together with transport proteins
Receptor Proteins
like integrins, help cells stick in place; some grab onto other integrins on other cells, “holding hands”
Adhesion Proteins
stick carbon chains into extracellular space, forming a glycocalyx around a cell; this is a cells “ID”
Glycoproteins
fills space inside membrane; outside nucleus; has three main parts
Cytoplasm
jelly-like fluid that fills space (a part of cytoplasm)
Cytosol
“machinery” of cell, float in cytosol
Organelle
other pieces, like fat droplets, proteins, or pigments
Inclusions
powerhouse of the cell; glucose is broken down by enzymes, turned into ATP; numbers vary widely by cell type
Mitochondria
sites of protein synthesis; mostly made of protein and RNA; not in nucleus; some float in cytosol, and others attach to endoplasmic reticulum
Ribosomes
“circulatory system” of cell; series of channels that can transport things; two types
Endoplasmic Reticulum
No ribosomes; involved in breaking down chemicals (common in liver)
Smooth ER
has ribosomes; proteins are made her and can be transported around or out cell; common in cells that make proteins to be sent out of cell; the pancreas has much of this because it makes insulin
Rough ER
“post office” of cell; primary purpose is to “mark” proteins with directions for where to go; proteins with similar directions form into “pods” and pinch off in vesicles; some vessels exit cell through a process called exocytosis; others may go to membrane or lysome
Golgi Apparatus
“breakdown bodies”; sac of enzymes that break almost anything down; proteases, nucleases, lipases, amylases
Lysome
breaks apart proteins
proteases
break apart nucleotides
nucleases
break apart lipids
lipases
break down sugar/starch
amylases
